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61.
Steven C. Hayes 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2005,23(2):131-151
Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) and Relational Frame Theory (RFT) are part of the new wave of treatments and analyses
that seem to be emerging in cognitive behavior therapy. In this article, data in support of these new approaches are provided,
and evidence that ACT works through different processes than traditional CBT are presented. The integrative proposals of Ciarrochi
and Robb, and Ciarrochi, Robb, and Godsell are then considered. In the long run, whether such integrations are useful is an
empirical matter, but concerns are raised about the effects of focusing on the content of beliefs, and the role of logical–empirical
challenges to belief.
Address correspondence to Steven C. Hayes, Department of Psychology/298, University of Nevada, Reno, NV 89557-0062, USA. 相似文献
62.
63.
Kathleen?C.?LaundyEmail author William?Nelson Daisy?Abucewicz 《Contemporary Family Therapy》2011,33(4):384-399
Building collaborative multidisciplinary mental health teams to boost student achievement has been a growing initiative in
American schools since the 1970s. Marriage and Family Therapists (MFTs)joined those teams in 2008, when Connecticut became
the first state to certify MFTs for schoolbased practice. This article chronicles the history of that collaboration and reports
initial research into MFT school-based participation on those teams. 相似文献
64.
65.
Recent research has examined how people predict unobserved features of an object when its category membership is ambiguous.
The debate has focused on whether predictions are based solely on information from the most likely category, or whether information
from other possible categories is also used. In the present experiment, we compared these category-based approaches with feature
conjunction reasoning, where predictions are based on a comparison among exemplars (rather than categories) that share features
with a target object. Reasoning strategies were assessed by examining patterns of feature prediction and by using an eye gaze
measure of attention during induction. The main findings were (1) the majority of participants used feature conjunction rather
than categorical strategies, (2) people predominantly gazed at the exemplars that were most similar to the target object,
and (3) although people gazed most at the most probable category to which an object could belong, they also attended to other
plausible category alternatives during induction. These findings question the extent to which category-based reasoning is
used for induction when category membership is uncertain. 相似文献
66.
International students often experience significant psychological distress but empirically tested programs are few. Broadly distributed bibliotherapy may provide a cost-effective approach. About half of the Japanese international students in a western university in the United States (N = 70) were randomly assigned to a wait-list or to receive a Japanese translation of a broadly focused acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) self-help book. Although recruited without regard to health status, the sample was highly distressed with nearly 80% exceeding clinical cutoffs on one or more measures. After a 2-months period for the first treatment group to read the book and a 2-month follow up, wait-list participants also received the book. Students receiving the book showed significantly better general mental health at post and follow up. Moderately depressed or stressed, and severely anxious students showed improvement compared to those not receiving the book. These patterns were repeated when the wait-list participants finally received the book. Improvements in primary outcomes were related to how much was learned about an ACT model from the book. Follow-up outcomes were statistically mediated by changes in psychological flexibility, but not vice versa and were moderated by level of initial flexibility. Overall, the data suggest that ACT bibliotherapy improved the mental health and psychological flexibility of Japanese international students. 相似文献
67.
After a brief familiarization period to either one or two toys 5-month-olds gave a clear preference for perceptually novel displays, suggesting that replicable findings of greater looking at an unexpected arithmetic outcome in addition/subtraction experiments cannot easily be attributed to simple familiarity preferences. 相似文献
68.
In a number comparison task, it is easier to respond faster when the two numbers are further apart than when they are close. This inverse relationship between the size difference and the time to judge such difference is called the numerical distance effect (NDE). In this study we investigated whether attention plays a critical role in the surfacing of NDE and the way we process Arabic numbers. In experiments 1 and 2, with an attentional blink paradigm that was designed to modulate attention, we tested whether a limited or unlimited pool of attentional resources would have an impact on the performance and trend of NDE. The results showed a dissociable effect of attention that changed the overall accuracy but not the trend of NDE. In experiment 3 we examined whether the number priming effect, another phenomenon associated with the distance-related effect, would be affected during the attentional blink period. We found the pattern of number priming effect was not affected by attentional blink. An explanation of the role of attention in number distance processing, as well as how it interacts with Arabic number representation, is discussed. 相似文献
69.
Intersectional Identities and the Politics of Altruistic Care in a Low-Income, Urban Community 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Jacqueline S. Mattis Nyasha A. Grayman Sheri-Ann Cowie Cynthia Winston Carolyn Watson Daisy Jackson 《Sex roles》2008,59(5-6):418-428
The literatures on the ways in which social identity and social position (e.g., gender, class, race) inform altruism have developed orthogonally. In this community-based qualitative study we use intersectionality theory to explore the complex ways in which social identity and social structures jointly influence altruism among African American adults (n?=?40) in an urban, economically distressed housing community in New York City. Content analysis of participants’ narratives reveals the ways in which gender, race, ethnicity, class, age, and urbanicity work in tandem to create differential patterns of vulnerability, differential needs, differential commitments to caring for particular subgroups, and informs how altruists are perceived by others. The implications of this work for future research on altruism are highlighted. 相似文献
70.
Exposure-based therapies are efficacious treatments for social anxiety disorder (i.e., Gould et al., 1997). Much of the theory behind these treatments is derived from Foa and colleagues' (Foa, Huppert, & Cahill, 2005; Foa & Kozak, 1986) work on emotional processing. However, there has been little research examining individual differences in emotional processing patterns within and between treatment sessions among clients with social anxiety disorder. This study utilized longitudinal data analytic methods to examine changes in subjective anxiety during the first 3 exposure sessions in group and individual cognitive-behavioral therapy for social anxiety disorder. The results of this study provide preliminary evidence that, although anxiety generally decreases across exposures, some individuals experience considerable fluctuations in anxiety during a single exposure. Although anxiety during the first exposure was not significantly related to outcome, the relationship between anxiety during exposure and outcome became stronger during subsequent exposures. Overall, this study highlights the need to conduct more fine-grained analyses to better understand the mechanisms underlying exposure-based therapies for social anxiety disorder. 相似文献