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21.
Daisuke Tanaka Sachiko Kiyokawa Ayumi Yamada Zoltán Dienes Kazuo Shigemasu 《Psychonomic bulletin & review》2008,15(6):1154-1159
To investigate the role of selective attention in artificial grammar (AG) learning, participants were presented with “GLOCAL”
strings—that is, chains of compound global and local letters. The global and local levels instantiated different grammars.
The results of this experiment revealed that participants learned only the grammar for the level to which they attended. The
participants were not even able to choose presented but unattended strings themselves. These results show that selective attention
plays a critical role in AG learning. 相似文献
22.
Daisuke Takagi Ken'ichi Ikeda Tetsuro Kobayashi Motoko Harihara Ichiro Kawachi 《Journal of community & applied social psychology》2016,26(2):164-178
The present study examined associations of neighbourhood crime with residents' social ties and civic participation using multilevel models. We hypothesized that crime is indirectly associated with residents' low civic participation by negatively relating to their acquaintanceship ties because of fear of neighbours. By contrast, we predicted that crime is indirectly related to frequent civic participation by positively associating with more intimate friendship ties as a response to combat external threats. Additionally, we hypothesized that high crime rates in the neighbourhood increases the importance of generalized trust towards others. Therefore, we examined the interaction effects of neighbourhood crime and trust on social ties and participation. The study is based on a postal questionnaire mailed to residents aged between 20 and 69 years, residing in Musashino City and Kiyose City, in Tokyo. Rates of larceny reported by the Tokyo Metropolitan Police Department were used as indices of neighbourhood crime. As hypothesized, our results showed that crime is positively associated with friendship ties and is negatively related to acquaintanceship ties. Through these opposing relationships, crime showed both positive and negative associations with civic participation. Moreover, we found that generalized trust buffered the adverse relationships between crime, broader social ties and participation. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
23.
Mana Yamaguchi Ayumi Masuchi Daisuke Nakanishi Sayaka Suga Naoki Konishi Ye-Yun Yu 《The journal of positive psychology》2016,11(5):480-488
Recent research on consumption and subjective well-being has revealed that experiential purchases and prosocial spending promote happiness by enhancing the purchasers’ social relationships. This study (N = 1523) explored whether undergraduate students’ consumption behaviors during summer break would be associated with their post-break happiness, and whether the consumption–happiness relationship would be mediated by a positive influence on their social relationships. The results showed that both experiential purchases and prosocial spending during summer break were associated with greater post-break happiness, but only when these purchases had a positive influence on the purchasers’ social relationships. These effects remained significant after controlling for respondents’ personality traits, financial standing, and sex. Moreover, both experiential purchases and prosocial spending were more likely to have a positive influence on social relationships than luxury purchases. These results are congruent with the recent exposition that experiential purchases and prosocial spending promote happiness by enhancing the purchasers’ social relationships. 相似文献
24.
This study was a preliminary investigation of non-verbal communication in Japanese subjects. Sixteen males and sixteen females were interviewed by one of two male confederates. The confederates were described and dressed as either high or equal status persons. They assumed either a forward lean or a backward lean during the four minute interview. Tape and video recordings were analyzed across a wide spectrum of non-verbal behaviors emitted by the subjects during the interview. Both status and body lean variables affected a variety of dependent measures, particularly for female subjects. A factor analysis of the non-verbal behaviors produced some unexpected results which have implications for similar studies done in other cultures. 相似文献
25.
Yamasaki A Chinami M Suzuki M Kaneko Y Fujita D Shirakawa T 《Psychological reports》2005,97(1):213-216
Previous research has shown an empirical link between tobacco and alcohol use and suicide. If tobacco and alcohol use contribute to suicidal behaviors, then policies designed to reduce the tobacco and alcohol consumption may succeed in reducing suicides as well. To test this hypothesis, correlations for suicide rates with alcohol consumption, taxes on alcohol and tobacco in Switzerland were examined using sets of time-series data from Switzerland in 1965-1994. The tax on tobacco correlated significantly negatively with male standardized suicide rate. The tax on alcohol also correlated significantly with male standardized suicide rate in an autoregressive model. On the other hand, significant relationships with female suicide rate were not found. Policies designed to reduce tobacco consumption are consistent with a benefit of reducing suicides, particularly for men in this sample. 相似文献
26.
Animal Cognition - To study how predisposed preferences shape the formation of social attachment through imprinting, newly hatched domestic chicks (Gallus gallus domesticus) were simultaneously... 相似文献