Children's memory for the times of events from the past years

This study tested 8–12‐year‐olds' ability to localize in time parent‐reported events from four time intervals ranging from 6 months to 4 years ago. Memory for content was very accurate, and children's time estimates showed substantial agreement with the times provided by their parents. Accuracy of year judgments declined with retention interval, with the greatest change occurring between the 1–2‐year and 2–3‐year intervals. Season, month and time of day accuracy were much more stable over time. There were significant improvements with age in performance on measures of conventional time knowledge, and this performance was correlated with the accuracy of time estimates on the long time scales, controlling for age and general cognitive ability. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Going my way? The benefits of travelling in the same direction

Couples' marital satisfaction can depend on whether they commute to work in the same or different directions. Two surveys, conducted in the United States and Hong Kong, showed that partners' satisfaction with their relationship was greater when they traveled to work in the same direction than when they traveled in different directions. This was true regardless of whether the partners left for work at the same or different times. A controlled laboratory study eliminated alternative interpretations of the survey findings, showing that even randomly paired participants reported greater attraction to one another when they walked to an experimental task in the same direction rather than in different directions.     

不同类型音乐对悲伤情绪舒缓作用的EEG研究

该研究采用EEG法探究音乐对悲伤情绪舒缓作用。选取中国古典、流行、摇滚及班得瑞音乐及悲伤影片。播放影片诱发悲伤情绪后,用音乐进行舒缓,同步采集脑电,分析得脑电功率谱(PS)及重心频率(GF)。结果表明,影片显著降低了GF及α频段PS;古典音乐GF最高,且诱发的α段PS最高,摇滚乐最低;脑对音乐加工的性别差异显著,半球差异不显著;主观体验悲伤度与α波PS显著负相关。所选音乐均具情绪舒缓作用,中国古典音乐最佳;α波PS,可作为反映悲伤-快乐情绪体验变化的脑电指标。     

应用伦理学与伦理文化的变革——兼论环境伦理学的特性

19世纪下半叶至20世纪初,西方古典伦理学的终结和现代西方伦理学的凸显使得应用伦理学成为这一变革的历史产物。当代伦理学的出现在某种意义上说经历了一个理论与现实的结合—理论与现实的分离—理论与现实的再结合的辩证否定过程。这种结合使得应用伦理学的理论基础、基本内容、思维方式发生了重大变化。环境伦理学充分体现了应用伦理学的特性,是伦理文化划时代的变革。     

公民意识结构研究

本研究在文献分析,访谈和专家咨询的基础上并经两次随机取样调查,通过对366名公民样本的探索性因素分析和351名公民样本的验证性因素分析,最终获得公民意识的五因子结构,即"参与意识"、"公共责任意识"、"法律意识"、"政治效能意识"、"权利意识".     

势·理·事:马克思主义哲学中国化的必由之路

The process of Marxist philosophy Sinicization embodies the unity of momentum (Shi) and the reason (Li) of Chinese society.The intellectuals who stand for the spirit of Chinese era,not only conceived the reason (Li) of Marxist philosophy Sinicization but also changed the Chinese situation through applying the reason (Li).The philosophies of Mao Ze-dong and Deng Xiao-ping were the outcome of the process.At the same time,the problems of Marxist philosophy arose from the events (Shi) which have happened in the...     

效率违约理论述评——拿来、批判或是选择性吸收?

效率违约理论源于霍姆斯法官的"契约选择"理论,波斯纳法官在此基础上创造出"有效率的违约"理论,后有学者正式命名为"效率违约"并得以进一步发展.该理论以科斯定理和帕雷托优势理论为基础,以社会财富最大化为价值取向.该理论的基本适用条件包括:赔偿损失具有与实际履行相当的救济效果;赔偿损失主要是对期待利益的赔偿并具有可预见性.效率违约理论自提出就遭到激烈的批判,该理论介绍到我国为时20年,赞成和反对者皆有,后者占据影响优势.该理论在我国并非一无用处,合同法完全可以吸纳其合理之处,用以完善违约责任体系.     

孔子论“言”

“言”有五种层次上的含义，与“行”相对有合不合，与“道”相应有知不知，与“诚”相偶有信不信，与“意”相对举有尽不尽，与“物”相表里有称不称。孔子就“言”的讨论，主要集中在前三个层次上。孔子讨论“言”时，都是对着特定的人或特定的事而发的。他分别针对子贡、宰予、子路等在言行或言知问题上的偏失，教导他们言行合一，言语谨慎。     

数字-空间联结的内在机制：基于工作记忆的视角

已有研究证实数字-空间联结是普遍存在的现象，但关于这种联结的解释仍存在争论。当前对数字-空间联结主要有两种解释。其中，心理数字线假设数字的心理表征是一条从左到右方向的水平线，而工作记忆假设认为数字-空间联结是任务执行期间暂时的工作记忆表征。本文通过分析心理数字线不能解释的数字-空间联结现象及局限性，来探讨工作记忆解释的适用性，并通过工作记忆的核心观点来解释数字-空间联结现象，以期更好地揭示数字-空间联结的内在机制。但关于工作记忆解释仍有亟待解决的问题，还需实证研究探讨。