等级反应模型项目特征曲线法等值研究

主、客观题并用的测验建项目反应理论题库需作多级模型项目参数等值,本研究推演了等级反应模型下项目特征曲线等值方法并在实际等值试验中获得成功.     

Culture and perceptions of self—other similarity

In testing possible cultural effects of the use of the self as an habitual reference point to which others are compared, we expected that: (a) individualistic participants (i.e., those who give priority to personal goals) would rate self—other similarity higher when asked “How similar is X to you?” than when asked “How similar are you to X?”, whereas nondirectional similarity judgements (“How similar are these two people?”) would resemble the former directional comparison; (b) collectivistic participants (i.e., those who give priority to in‐group goals) would show a weaker or, possibly, reversed pattern, especially using in‐group comparison others. Neither hypothesis was upheld. However, the individualists perceived the in‐group to be relatively more similar to themselves as compared to the collectivists. This difference cannot be explained by response bias, status asymmetry, or role differentiation. We propose an explanation in terms of the differential relationship between self and other representations for people from collectivist versus individualist cultures.     

暴力性视频游戏线索诱发游戏欲望的注意机制

以32名经常玩暴力性游戏的高中学生为被试,采用线索暴露范式、情绪Stroop范式和分离式情绪Stroop范式探讨了暴力性视频游戏线索对诱发游戏者游戏欲望的作用及其注意机制.结果发现:(1)暴露于暴力性视频游戏线索可显著提高游戏者的游戏欲望.(2)游戏者对暴力性视频游戏线索具有显著的注意偏向,但在注意的编码阶段未见同样的效应.     

呈现方式与认知方式对文章标记效应的影响

采用纸笔呈现和视频显示终端(video display terminab,VDT)呈现两种形式,探讨了认知方式与文章标记类型对文章阅读效果的影响,结果表明: (1)文章标记对不同认知方式的读者影响不同,无论有无文章标记,场独立者对各类信息的保持量没有明显的变化,而文章的宏观标记能够使场依存者的阅读指向发生改变,场依存者会更加注意与标记有关的内容; (2)呈现方式对文章信息的保持量有显著的影响,纸笔呈现方式下,被试的信息保持量明显好于VDT呈现方式; (3)在VDT呈现条件下,场独立者对主题性信息的保持量显著高于场依存者.     

展开模型对EPQ反应数据的拟合调查

调查了拓广等级展开模型（GGUM）对EPQ反应数据的拟合情况。结果发现：（1）E量表最符合GGUM单维性的假设,即得到2个线性主成分,项目在这2个主成分上的负荷略微呈现一个半圆形的模式;（2）约束GGUM的阈限参数在项目间相等而得到的模型A在对EPQ的数据进行分析时是最简洁而有效的：（3）模型A和2PLM相比,前者在E和P上的拟合显著优于后者,在N上,两个模型提供了相似的拟合度。结果表明展开模型比优势模型更适合用于分析EPQ的数据。     

网络怠工研究:回顾与展望*

网络怠工是员工基于网络平台而产生的一种工作场所偏差行为。近十年来,员工网络怠工问题开始为人力资源管理和组织行为学研究人员所重视。本文回顾网络怠工的由来、定义及测量;介绍网络怠工的社会交换理论、组织公正感理论和中和技术理论;分析员工人口学特征、个体心理以及环境因素对网络怠工的影响的研究;整合网络怠工的理论研究,提出网络怠工现有研究存在的问题,并对未来研究发展提出了展望。     

Chinese students' attitudes towards US universities in the US–China conflict

Globalization has been the catalyst of world economic development in the past decades. However, the phenomenon has recently been severely challenged by a wave of deglobalization. Within this new trend, the conflict between the United States (US) and China has attracted the attention of scholars from various fields because of the two countries' significance in the world economy. In this study, we focus on the higher education sector, which is highly relevant to globalization, and explore the factors that may affect Chinese college students' attitudes towards US universities, including country image, cultural openness, consumer animosity and perceived quality. In particular, we distinguish between cognitive and affective animosity and test their different impacts on students' attitudes. The results show that students' perception of the US's image positively influences attitudes towards the country's universities thanks to the mediation of perceived quality. Moreover, cultural openness and cognitive animosity are positively related to attitudes, whereas affective animosity exerts a negative impact on attitudes. The implications and limitations of this study are also discussed.     

R-RUM的参数估计及性能评价研究

认知诊断作为21世纪一种新的测量范式,在国内外越来越受到重视。该文运用MCMC算法实现了R-RUM的参数估计,并采用Monte Carlo模拟方法探讨其性能。研究结果表明:(1)R-RUM参数估计方法可行,估计精度较高;(2)Q矩阵复杂性和模型参数水平对模型参数估计精度有较大影响,随着r_(jk)*值的增大和Q矩阵复杂性的增加,项目参数和被试参数估计精度逐渐下降;(3)在特定情形下,R-RUM具有一定的稳健性。     

Interaction of Perception and Action in Discrete and Continuous Rapid Aiming Tasks

Previously, we have shown that discrete and continuous rapid aiming tasks are governed by distinct visuomotor control mechanisms by assessing the combined visual illusion effects on the perceived and effective index of difficulty (ID). All participants were perceptually biased by the combined visual illusion before they performed the rapid aiming tasks. In the current study, the authors manipulated the order of performing perceptual and motor tasks to examine whether perceptual or motor experience with the illusory visual target would influence the subsequent perceived and effective ID in discrete and continuous tapping tasks. The results supported our hypothesis showing that perceptual experience with the illusory visual target in the discrete condition reduced the effective ID in the subsequent discrete tapping task, and motor experience with the illusory visual target in the continuous condition reduced the illusion effects on the perceived ID in the subsequent perceptual judgment task. The study demonstrates the coinfluence of perception and action, and suggests that perception and action influence one another with different magnitude depending on the spatial frame of reference used to perform the perceptuomotor task.     

矩阵完成问题的项目生成研究

依据Embretson提出的认知设计系统方法,设计并编制了矩阵完成问题的项目生成系统,实际生成了矩阵完成问题测验。探讨矩阵测验与瑞文测验的关系,以及认知模型对矩阵问题的难度和区分度的预测能力。结果表明所设计的认知模型对矩阵项目的性能参数有一定的预测能力,生成的矩阵测验与瑞文测验有基本相同的心理测量属性。可以使用该系统生成的矩阵项目来测量被试的抽象推理能力。