Uncovering the Effects of Awe on Meaning in Life

Journal of Happiness Studies - Research on awe and meaning in life (MIL) is rare. In the current research, we conducted a pre-registered study to examine how awe influences MIL from the perspective...     

计算机自适应测验在特质焦虑量表中的运用

将基于项目反应理论的计算机自适应测验运用于特质焦虑量表,考察这一测验形式在人格测量中所具有的特性.收集特质焦虑量表真实纸笔作答数据,选用合适的心理测量模型,模拟计算机自适应测验.结果表明：相对纸笔测验而言,计算机自适应测验的测试效率更高、对被试的分辨力更强、结果更直观.计算机自适应测验在人格测量中的实践值得进一步探索.     

Exercise mode and executive function in older adults: An ERP study of task-switching

The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between exercise mode and executive function and its effect on behavior and neuroelectric activity. Forty-eight older adults were classified into open-skill, closed-skill, and irregular exercise groups based on their experience of exercise participation. Executive function was measured via a task-switching paradigm, in which the behavioral indices and event-related potentials elicited by task-switching were assessed. The results revealed that the exercise groups, regardless of the exercise mode, exhibited faster reaction times in both global and local switches than the irregular exercise group, regardless of the within-task conditions. Similarly, larger P3 amplitudes were observed in both exercise groups compared to the irregular exercise group. Moreover, additional facilitation effects of open-skill exercises on global switch costs were observed, whereas no differences in local switch costs were found among the three groups. The results replicate previous studies that have reported generally improved executive function after participation in exercises; additionally, they extend the current knowledge by indicating that these cognitive improvements in specific aspects of executive function could also be obtained from open-skill exercises.     

When waiting to choose increases patience

We explore how waiting to choose influences patience. We propose that waiting to make an intertemporal choice increases the assumed value of the items for which people are waiting, leading them to become more patient. Five studies support this model. Study 1 finds that after waiting to choose, people exhibit greater patience than if they had not waited or before they had started to wait. Studies 2a and 2b find that increased valuation (rather than decreased cost of the wait) mediates the impact of waiting on patience. Study 3 further finds that whereas waiting to choose increases preference for a larger-later (over smaller-sooner) item, it also increases willingness to pay to expedite delivery of a single item. Finally, study 4 shows the waiting effect is stronger for hedonic than for utilitarian products. These studies modify existing theory by identifying the conditions under which waiting to choose can improve patience.     

Enhanced fatigue resistance of a nickel-based hastelloy induced by a surface nanocrystallization and hardening process

Improvements in the fatigue resistance of a nickel-based alloy have been achieved via a surface nanocrystallization and hardening (SNH) process. The enhanced fatigue resistance is related to the surface nanocrystallization, work hardening, and compressive residual stresses induced by the SNH process.     

Phase transitions of Zr41.2Ti13.8Cu12.5Ni10Be22.5 bulk metallic glass at pressures up to 27 GPa

The phase transitions of Zr_41.2Ti_13.8Cu_12.5Ni₁₀Be_22.5 bulk metallic glass have been investigated under high pressures and at room temperature. Direct resistance measurements in a diamond anvil cell provide evidence of a reversible transition between amorphous and crystalline phases; crystallization events occurred at 24 and 26.2 GPa on uploading, and crystalline-to-amorphous phase transitions were observed at 16 and 10.6 GPa on downloading. The phase transitions were confirmed by transmission electron microscopy observations.     

深度透视恐怖主义的根源——读张家栋《恐怖主义论》

恐怖活动被认为是一心智偏执者发泄不满与仇恨的产物,是与文明进步背道而驰的野蛮行径。张家栋《恐怖主义论》从一个新的角度揭示了恐怖主义与现代性之间相生相克的关系。表明恐怖主义并非文明社会的“怪胎”,而是现代文明,尤其是西方文明在当代发展的结果。要摆脱现代性与恐怖主义之间的恶性循环,应该从东方智慧中汲取营养。     

A general area theorem for the same-different paradigm

According to a well-known theorem in psychophysics (Green & Swets, 1966), the area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for the yes-no paradigm equals the proportion of correct responses of an unbiased observer in the two-interval, two-alternative, forced choice paradigm (2I2AFC). Here, we demonstrate a similar relationship between the ROC area in the two-interval same-different (AX or 2IAX) paradigm, and the proportion correct in the four-interval same-different (4IAX, also known as dual-pair comparison) paradigm. The theorem demonstrated here is general, in the sense that it does not require that the sensory observations have a specific distribution (e.g., Gaussian), or that they be statistically independent.