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51.
52.
Artur Dahl 《Psychological research》1928,11(1):290-301
Ohne ZusammenfassungFür diese Versuche, die in der Zeit von August 1926 bis Juni 1927 stattfanden, stellten sich 14 Vpn. (Damen, Herren und Schüler im Alter von 14–16 Jahren) freundlicherweise zur Verfügung. Ebenso 12 Schüler zu den Vorversuchen. Ihnen allen sei an dieser Stelle für ihre Mühe und Geduld herzlich gedankt. Dank schulde ich auch meiner Frau für ihre Hilfe bei der Unterbringung der Vpn. während der Nachtversuche. Vor allem aber danke ich den Herren Prof. Köhler und Lewin, Berlin, für die Anregung und Förderung der Untersuchung auf das herzlichste. 相似文献
53.
The aim of this study was to explore associations between mental and cancer-specific distress (psychological distress) and
personality traits in healthy women belonging to families with familial cancer and absence of demonstrated mutations. We included
238 healthy women from families with familial breast-ovarian cancer (FBOC) or hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).
They responded to a questionnaire including validated instruments for psychological distress and personality traits. Information
on demography and cancer-related issues were also collected. Significant associations between psychological distress and personality
traits were found in these women. The traits of Optimism and Harm avoidance showed the strongest association with both types
of distress. Associations between psychological distress and personality traits were observed in women from families with
FBOC or HNPCC that fulfilled clinical criteria for familial breast/ovarian cancer in the absence of demonstrated mutations.
Screening for such traits could be helpful in genetic counseling. 相似文献
54.
McMakin DL Burkhouse KL Olino TM Siegle GJ Dahl RE Silk JS 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2011,39(8):1213-1225
This study aimed to characterize affective functioning in families of youth at high familial risk for depression, with particular
attention to features of affective functioning that appear to be critical to adaptive functioning but have been underrepresented
in prior research including: positive and negative affect across multiple contexts, individual and transactional processes, and affective flexibility. Interactions among early adolescents (ages 9–14) and their mothers were
coded for affective behaviors across both positive and negative contexts. Primary analyses compared never-depressed youth
at high (n = 44) and low (n = 57) familial risk for depression. The high risk group showed a relatively consistent pattern for low positive affect across
negative and positive contexts at both the individual and transactional level. In contrast to prior studies focusing on negative
contexts that did not support disruptions in negative affect among high risk youth, the data from this study suggest variability
by context (i.e. increased negativity in a positive, but not negative, context), and individual vs. transactional processes (e.g., negative escalation). Findings are discussed in concert
with attention to affect flexibility, contextual and transactional factors. 相似文献
55.
56.
This case study evaluates the clinical effectiveness of a psychological treatment within a behaviour medicine approach to epilepsy of a subject with progressive myoclonic epilepsy. The pattern of seizure behaviour was identified in the behaviour analysis. Self-management skills were taught to the client and in vivo exposure was subsequently used in a desensitization process. The main findings in this study were that the debilitating effects of the myclonic jerks can be reduced and functioning level improved when fear of seizures is reduced. These results indicate that psychological treatment can increase the level of functioning in clients with progressive myoclonic epilepsy. 相似文献
57.
Asymmetries in the processing of emotionally valenced words 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Dahl M 《Scandinavian journal of psychology》2001,42(2):97-104
Earlier research has shown a valence dependent encoding asymmetry of emotional words (e.g., Pratto & John, 1991; White, 1996; Stenberg, Wiking & Dahl, 1998). To further study this asymmetry, two word detection experiments were performed based on the following hypothesis: when there is a more thoroughly processing of the valence, in this case a valence categorisation, there will be, in a subsequent task, prolonged latencies for negative words, compared to positive words. The result gave significantly prolonged response latencies for negative words compared to positive ones in the subsequent detection task when using an affective orienting task, something not found using a non-affective orienting task. The results support the Mobilization-Minimization hypothesis (Taylor, 1991), according to which negative events and stimuli occupy more cognitive resources, but with some limitation: the affective asymmetry, with prolonged latencies for negative words, occurs only when there is a deepened encoding of the affective component of the words. 相似文献
58.
Dezecache Guillaume Zuberbühler Klaus Davila-Ross Marina Dahl Christoph D. 《Animal cognition》2021,24(3):443-455
Animal Cognition - Distress calls are an acoustically variable group of vocalizations ubiquitous in mammals and other animals. Their presumed function is to recruit help, but there has been much... 相似文献
59.
自我面孔识别反映了个体通过自我与他人的区分识别出自我面孔的过程。本文采用ALE元分析的方法, 对自我面孔识别的fMRI研究进行系统的定量分析, 探究自我面孔识别的神经基础。结果显示, 自我面孔识别的关键脑区包括顶上小叶、额中回、额下回、脑岛、梭状回、楔前叶和枕叶皮层。另外, 自我面孔识别可能包括两个层面的加工过程:知觉层面的加工整合过程以及由知觉引发的评价和情绪反应过程。知觉加工整合涵盖了自我面孔识别的各个加工阶段, 主要涉及枕叶、梭状回和楔前叶的功能; 而评价加工及情绪反应过程则发生在自我面孔识别的中晚期, 主要涉及顶上小叶、额中回、额下回及脑岛的功能。未来研究可结合时间和空间数据并关注脑区间的协同功能, 考察与内感受的神经关联, 开展临床研究并探索威胁信息的影响机制。 相似文献
60.
The current study extends previous works on group identification by focusing on how social identity complexity and entitativity interact to impact group identification. The purpose of the current study is to test the hypothesis that people with a simple social identity identify more strongly with a highly entitative group and people with complex social identity identify more strongly with a group low in entitativity. Participants’ social identity complexity and entitativity about a group were manipulated, and with that group was measured. Results demonstrated that participants primed with a simple social identity identified more strongly with a more highly entitative group, whereas identification with the high and low entitativity groups did not differ for participants primed with a complex social identity. 相似文献