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591.
On the perceived effectiveness of transformational–transactional leadership: The role of encouraged strategies and followers' regulatory focus
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Melvyn R. W. Hamstra Nico W. Van Yperen Barbara Wisse Kai Sassenberg 《European journal of social psychology》2014,44(6):643-656
The present research sought to examine when and why transformational and transactional leadership are perceived by followers to be effective. A series of five studies revealed that perceived effectiveness of transformational and transactional leadership is influenced by the fit between leadership style‐driven encouraged strategies and followers' preferred strategies. Specifically, we found that transformational leadership primarily encourages promotion‐focused strategies and, accordingly, creates a regulatory fit for promotion‐focused followers. In contrast, transactional leadership primarily encourages prevention‐focused strategies, creating a regulatory fit for prevention‐focused followers. As a consequence of this regulatory fit, leadership is perceived as more effective and predictive of enhanced effort. By integrating literature on self‐regulation with insights from leadership research, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of the leadership process and of interpersonal influences on self‐regulatory experiences. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
592.
Anger and attitudinal reactions to negative feedback: The effects of emotional instability and power
Jana Niemann Barbara Wisse Diana Rus Nico W. Van Yperen Kai Sassenberg 《Motivation and emotion》2014,38(5):687-699
Feedback is a basic tool that is used to stimulate learning and performance at all organizational levels. However, negative feedback can sometimes evoke defensive responses such as feelings of anger or the repudiation of the feedback. In two experiments we explored whether people’s negating responses to feedback are grounded in their emotional instability, and if this effect is stronger for those who hold more power. The findings from Study 1 (N = 84) showed that in response to negative feedback more emotionally unstable individuals experienced more anger. In Study 2 (N = 47) we indicated that anger mediated the negative effects of emotional instability and power on liking of the feedback provider, perceived ability of the feedback provider, and feedback acceptance. Our findings indicate that power strengthens the influence of emotional instability on responses to negative feedback and point to the importance of anger as the underlying factor influencing crucial attitudinal feedback reactions. 相似文献
593.
Melvyn R. W. Hamstra Nico W. Van Yperen Barbara Wisse Kai Sassenberg 《Journal of business and psychology》2014,29(3):413-425
Purpose
Achievement goals, or the standards of competence employees pursue in their work, have far-reaching consequences for employee and organizational functioning. In the current research, we investigated whether employees’ achievement goals can be predicted from their supervisor’s leadership style.Design/Methodology/Approach
A multilevel study was conducted in which followers of 120 organizational leaders completed measures of their leader’s transformational leadership (focusing on individual needs and abilities, on intellectual development, and on a common team mission), transactional leadership (focusing on monitoring and achievement-related rewards), and their own mastery goals (aimed at learning, developing, and mastering job-relevant skills), and performance goals (aimed at doing better than others).Findings
Group-level transformational leadership predicted followers’ mastery goals, whereas group-level transactional leadership predicted followers’ performance goals. Within-group differences in transformational leadership also predicted mastery goals.Implications
These findings suggest that leadership style plays an important role in the achievement goals followers adopt. Organizations may promote transactional leadership in contexts requiring that employees outperform others. In contrast, in contexts requiring learning and development, organizations may promote transformational leadership.Originality/Value
This research is the first to examine the relationships between leadership styles and specific follower goals, and the first to highlight the role of leadership as a social variable involved in employees’ adoption of achievement goals. 相似文献594.
随着我国社会经济的发展,医疗体制的改革,医师职业素养的培养成为当今医疗体制下医学在校教育、住院医生培养、医疗卫生管理中必须关注的内容。目前国外对医师职业素养的培养做了大量的工作,也取得了较好的效果,但是对于职业素养的培养不仅需要理论教学的改革,更需要相应评估机制的建立。本文对国外医师执业素养评估的最新进展进行介绍,分析各种方法的优劣,以期为国内医学教育建立统一的、具有广泛公认度的测评体系提供参考。 相似文献
595.
Kai Wang 《Psychometrika》2018,83(2):387-406
Previous studies have found some puzzling power anomalies related to testing the indirect effect of a mediator. The power for the indirect effect stagnates and even declines as the size of the indirect effect increases. Furthermore, the power for the indirect effect can be much higher than the power for the total effect in a model where there is no direct effect and therefore the indirect effect is of the same magnitude as the total effect. In the presence of direct effect, the power for the indirect effect is often much higher than the power for the direct effect even when these two effects are of the same magnitude. In this study, the limiting distributions of related statistics and their non-centralities are derived. Computer simulations are conducted to demonstrate their validity. These theoretical results are used to explain the observed anomalies. 相似文献
596.
Mathias Weber Stefan Aufenanger Michael Dreier Oliver Quiring Leonard Reinecke Klaus Wölfling Kai W. Müller Manfred E. Beutel 《Sexuality & culture》2018,22(4):1171-1188
The intensity of using sexually explicit internet material (SEIM) is contingent on users’ gender. However, gender differences in the motivations for watching SEIM have not yet been comprehensively explored. Drawing on a representative survey of German internet users, we therefore analyze how women and men use SEIM to satisfy escapist needs. Lower life satisfaction, the lack of a committed relationship, and feelings of loneliness contribute to predicting the frequency of using SEIM among men. Loneliness likewise fosters the consumption of SEIM among women, yet the effect is less pronounced. For female internet users, consumption of SEIM even increases in committed relationships and rather indicates a comparably high level of life satisfaction than dissatisfaction with life circumstances. Gender hence substantially moderates the connection between need structures and the consumption of SEIM. 相似文献
597.
Journal of Child and Family Studies - The purpose of this research was to identify mechanisms by which cultural cognitions were linked to parenting cognitions and practices in acculturating Chinese... 相似文献
598.
Liang Yue Zhou Nan Cao Hongjian Li Jian-Bin Dou Kai Wu Fushuang Liu Qingqi Wu Qinglu Nie Yangang Ning Zhijun Wang Guodong 《Journal of child and family studies》2022,31(5):1373-1386
Journal of Child and Family Studies - Adolescents’ career development is associated with various contextual factors, among which career-related parenting practice is particularly important.... 相似文献
599.
面对突如其来的严重急性呼吸综合征(SARS),其预防和治疗方案层出不穷.究竟哪一种预防或治疗方法对SARS最有效?怎样面对现有的困难?如何借鉴循证医学的理念及方法,促进SARS治疗决策科学化至关重要. 相似文献
600.
透析器复用的医学、经济与法制思考 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
回顾透析器复用的历史并分析其复用现状,医学原因和经济学原因是透析器复用的基础,复用存在的医学和法律相矛盾问题,并分析透析器复用的标准和效果评价.从医学、法律、社会三个方面分析透析嚣复用的前景,认为透析器复用有利于患者和减轻社会压力,但是存在医疗风险,透析器的"单用比复用好,而复用比不用好". 相似文献