降压达标在高血压治疗中的意义

随着高血压发病人数的增加,高血压所造成的心、脑、肾等重要靶器官损伤、功能衰竭日益受到重视.临床研究证明,为减少由高血压造成的重要器官损伤、提高患者的生活质量、降低病死率,通过各种方式尽快将血压控制在所要求的达标范围内是非常必要的.     

浅析医疗事故争议的仲裁解决

我国现行医疗纠纷解决途径有限,且诉讼和鉴定过程也有违程序正义.尽管如此,具有多种优势的仲裁机制却没有得到立法者的肯定.从揭示我国医疗纠纷解决的现状入手,分析仲裁途径的优势,论证以仲裁方式解决医疗纠纷的可行性,并对具体的医疗纠纷仲裁制度的建立提出科学依据.     

对心血管病学若干进展的反思

心电起搏的发展经历曲折的过程,反映出以技术和设备为本的缺陷,以人为本可弥补这些缺陷;对介入新技术的过热应用反映了以技术为本的弊端;临床试验证据只反映某种情况下的患者共性,对试验证据的僵化理解和运用违背了循证医学的本义,以人为本可较好地解决这一矛盾;预防为主是以人为本的最好体现,应得到广泛的重视和实施.以人为本是医学的核心价值和出发点.     

论现代传染病防治中医患关系的特点

现代传染病防治中传统的医患关系的内涵和外延都发生了一定的变化,无论是医方还是患方都体现出强烈超医学性和社会性,在社会大防治的概念下医患之间出现一定的界限模糊甚至角色重叠.现代传染病的发展给我们提供了审视医患关系的新视角,引发人们关于医学发展、社会道德的深层次的思考.     

纪念老子诞辰2578周年系列活动在河南鹿邑隆重举行

2007年4月2日(农历二月十五),是伟大的哲学家、道家学派创始人、道祖老子诞辰2578周年纪念日。当日早上7:30,来自海内外的道教界代表、各级领导和当地群众近二万人参加了纪念活动。中国道教协会任法融会长,黄信阳、张金涛副会长、袁炳     

Why don't health professionals check patient understanding? A questionnaire-based study

Checking patient understanding, by asking questions about information presented in a medical consultation, is a core communication skill but its use is not frequently assessed. The newborn hearing screening commenced in England with a pilot of its implementation in January 2002. Because it is a new screening test, it provided an opportunity for studying the effective communication of novel information. A randomized controlled trial of training newborn hearing screeners to present information about the screening test and to ask questions to check understanding was commenced but had to be prematurely ended as the majority of the screeners did not ask the questions. The aim of this study was to understand why the screeners did not ask questions to check understanding of the information provided. Questionnaires were sent to screeners who participated in the study to elicit their responses to the use of the questions to check understanding. A response rate of 87% (26/30) was achieved. Screeners who reported not asking the questions were more likely to express a lack of confidence in their ability to ask questions, and to perceive asking questions as an ineffective way of increasing patient understanding. The study suggests that the ability and willingness of healthcare professionals to use simple communication skills may have been overestimated and training needs to target skills as well as beliefs about the effectiveness of using them.     

Last but not least

A central tenet of Gestalt psychology is that the visual scene can be separated into figure and ground. The two illusions we present demonstrate that Gestalt processes can group spatial contrast information that cuts across the figure/ground separation. This finding suggests that visual processes that organise the visual scene do not necessarily require structural segmentation as their primary input.     

Apparent rotation and jazzing in Leviant's Enigma illusion

In 1981 Leviant devised Enigma, a figure that elicits perceived rotary motion in the absence of real motion. However, despite its striking appearance there is no good explanation for this motion illusion to date. Gregory (1993 Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 253 123) pointed out a similarity to MacKay's 'complementary' afterimage in his ray pattern and suggested accommodative fluctuations and small eye movements as a potential origin for these phenomena. Furthermore, Zeki et al (1993 Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B 252 215-222) found PET-activation in response to Enigma in visual area V5 and immediately surrounding areas (called V5 complex) suggesting that the illusory motion could be mediated by the same neurons as real motion. In the experiments reported here, I show that the rotary motion is perceived on coloured as well as achromatic annuli intercepting the radial lines. More importantly, the illusory streaming motion continues to be seen with a cycloplegic lens as well as through a pinhole (ie ruling out transient changes of accommodation), and in the positive after-image (ie in the absence of eye movements). Apparent rotation is strongest with radial inducers impinging at right angles onto the annuli, but persist, although to a lesser degree, when the inducing lines are tilted in opposite directions, non-collinear, or replaced by dotted lines or lines with rounded terminators. For an explanation, the Enigma illusion requires a neural mechanism that uses lines abutting an empty annulus to elicit orthogonal streaming motion in one or the other direction.     

The ups and downs of social comparison: mechanisms of assimilation and contrast

Social comparisons influence self-evaluations in multiple ways. Sometimes self-evaluations are assimilated toward a given standard. At other times, they are contrasted away from the standard. On the basis of the selective accessibility model (T. Mussweiler, 2003a), the authors hypothesized that assimilation results if judges engage in the comparison process of similarity testing and selectively focus on similarities to the standard, whereas contrast occurs if judges engage in dissimilarity testing and selectively focus on differences. If these alternative comparison mechanisms are indeed at play, then assimilative and contrastive social comparisons should be accompanied by diverging informational foci on similarities versus differences. Results of 5 studies support this reasoning, demonstrating that assimilation results under conditions that foster similarity testing, whereas contrast occurs under conditions that foster dissimilarity testing. Furthermore, assimilative social comparisons are accompanied by a general informational focus on similarities, whereas contrastive comparisons are accompanied by a focus on differences.