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Through its adoption of the biomedical model of disease which promotes medical individualism and its reliance on the individual-based
anthropology, mainstream bioethics has predominantly focused on respect for autonomy in the clinical setting and respect for
person in the research site, emphasizing self-determination and freedom of choice. However, the emphasis on the individual
has often led to moral vacuum, exaggeration of human agency, and a thin (liberal?) conception of justice. Applied to resource-poor
countries and communities within developed countries, autonomy-based bioethics fails to address the root causes of diseases
and public health crises with which individuals or communities are confronted. A sociological explanation of disease causation
is needed to broaden principles of biomedical ethics and provides a renewed understanding of disease, freedom, medical practice,
patient-physician relationship, risk and benefit of research and treatment, research priorities, and health policy. 相似文献
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Science centers, zoos, and aquariums share the common goal of engaging visitors in learning about the physical and natural world. Exhibits in zoos and aquariums, however, focus primarily on living organisms. Interactive exhibits are less common in these institutions and this differentiates the way visitors engage with exhibits from that of a typical science center visit. Based on the usefulness of the Visitor-Based Learning Framework (Barriault &; Pearson, 2010) as an exhibit assessment tool in science centers, the purpose of this research was to develop a similar tool that assesses the potential learning impact of live animal exhibits in zoos and aquariums. A comprehensive framework of learning-related behaviors was developed and field-tested with a total of 900 visitors. The resulting Visitor-Based Assessment Framework for Animal Exhibits provides zoo and aquarium researchers and practitioners with a valuable tool to assess exhibits through observable behavioral indicators. 相似文献
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Lianne Trachtenberg Jiahui Wong Heather Rennie Mary Jane Esplen 《International journal of group psychotherapy》2020,70(3):307-328
ABSTRACT A growing number of face-to-face group therapy interventions are being translated into online versions in psycho-oncology. Yet few researchers have systematically described the complex translation process or systematic approaches used to maintain the integrity of the original empirically supported interventions. In this article, we present a case study to illustrate the process of translating an evidence-based face-to-face therapy group, Restoring Body Image after Cancer (ReBIC) into an online format. We highlight how three critical therapeutic components from the original intervention (guided imagery exercises, psychoeducational reading materials, and psychotherapeutic group processes) were maintained and translated for online delivery. We provide preliminary recommendations for future translation efforts of text-based online group therapies to encourage best practices. 相似文献