Testing the efficacy of a new procedure for reducing faking on personality tests within selection contexts

The authors propose a new procedure for reducing faking on personality tests within selection contexts. This computer-based procedure attempts to identify and warn potential fakers early on during the testing process and then give them a chance for recourse. Two field studies were conducted to test the efficacy of the proposed procedure. Study 1 participants were 157 applicants competing for 10 staff positions at a large university located in a southern city in the People's Republic of China. In Study 1, potential fakers received a warning message, whereas nonfakers received a nonwarning (control) message. Study 2 participants were 386 Chinese college students applying for membership of a popular student organization at the same university where Study 1 was conducted. In Study 2, the warning and control messages were randomly assigned to all applicants. Results showed some promise for the proposed procedure, but several practical issues need to be considered.     

Pathogens promote matrilocal family ties and the copying of foreign religions

Within the same pathogen-stress framework as proposed by Fincher & Thornhill (F&T), we argue further that pathogen stress promotes matrilocal rather than patrilocal family ties which, in turn, slow down the process of modernity; and that pathogen stress promotes social learning or copying, including the adoption of foreign religions.     

一种多策略认知诊断方法:MSCD方法的开发

当前国内外开发的认知诊断模型基本上只能处理单策略的测验情景,并假设所有被试均采用同一种加工策略/解题策略,从而忽视了加工策略的多样性及差异性.本研究根据de la Torre和Douglas (2008)采用多个Q矩阵来表征多个加工策略的思想,并结合使用丁树良等(2009)修正的Q矩阵理论及孙佳楠,张淑梅、辛涛和包珏(2011)的广义距离判别法,开发了一种新的多策略认知诊断方法——MSCD方法.Monte Carlo模拟研究结果表明:在单策略测验情景下,传统的单策略认知诊断方法与采用MSCD方法的诊断正确率均比较理想,且差异不大;但在多策略测验情景时,传统的单策略认知诊断方法诊断正确率较低,而MSCD方法的诊断正确率却仍较理想;当加工策略增至5种时,MSCD方法仍有较高的边际判准率、模式判准率以及加工策略判准率.研究表明MSCD方法基本合理、可行.这为实现对加工策略的诊断提供了方法学支持,有利于拓展认知诊断在实际中的应用.     

授权赋能领导行为对员工内部人身份感知的影响:基于组织的自尊的调节作用

从组织投资的视角,研究授权赋能领导行为、内部人身份感知与组织公民行为之间的关系.通过问卷调查,搜集了一家企业146名主管和下属的配对数据.研究结果表明,领导授权赋能行为对员工内部人身份感知有积极的影响作用,同时,内部人身份感知在授权赋能领导行为和员工组织公民行为之间起到完全中介作用,同时,员工基于组织的自尊对内部人身份感知的中介效应起到调节作用.最后还讨论了未来的研究方向和实际应用的意义等内容.     

The Compromise Effect in Choosing for Others

Most research into the compromise effect focuses on cognitive factors related to choosing for oneself. However, there are daily opportunities to make choices for others, from helping friends to buy merchandise to choosing souvenirs for relatives. Although it is a common practice, choosing for others is rarely discussed in the literature. Hence, this research is directed to determine whether (i) the compromise effect is greater for people choosing for others with whom one has a distant relationship compared to choosing for themselves, (ii) the decision maker's susceptibility to interpersonal relationships, accountability, and anticipated regret moderate the relationship between choosing for others versus choosing for themselves and the compromise effect, and (iii) the confidence of the decision maker mediates the relationship between deciding for others and the compromise effect. Five hypotheses are proposed and they are supported by the results from four experiments. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

中医儿科学人文精神考释

中国传统医学贯穿“医乃仁术”的人文主义精髓.本文就中医儿科学中独特的诊疗方法、用药经验、预防护理以及医患沟通技巧方面对中医学所蕴涵的人文精神体现进行了初步探究,认为挖掘、研究重塑中医学的人文精神,对于发挥中医药特色、促进中医药发展都有十分积极的现实意义.     

论医学人文与医患关系——读“钟南山痛批‘医学人文沦落’”有感

在当今日新月异的科技时代,医疗技术发展突飞猛进,但是“医乃仁术”的本质属性始终不会改变.人文医学发展的滞后必然会成为约束医学科学整体化趋势的瓶颈.因此,在医患关系紧张的今天,重构医学的人文内涵,重塑医学的人文精神,重振医学的人文风采显得尤为重要和迫切.     

论医学生医患“交往技巧”能力的培养

论述了培养医学生医患“交往技巧”能力的重要性,即医学生医患“交往技巧”应该成为医学教育重要的组成部分;阐释了医学生医患“交往技巧”能力培养的五个原则,即人本主义的彰显,主体间意识的觉醒,人文知识素养的提升,思维模式的转换和“这一个”的关注.     

Chinese consumer ethnocentrism: A field experiment

Consumer ethnocentrism presents barriers for internationalising organisations. In China, evidence of a resurgent nationalism partly fuelled by rapid economic growth portends a shift in consumption away from foreign towards domestic products. On the other hand, rising consumer demand for branded and luxury products cannot be fully met domestically. However, much of the available evidence on Chinese consumer ethnocentrism is anecdotal and is based on attitudinal surveys that, as accurate measures of actual purchasing behaviour, suffer from certain methodological issues. In response, we report an experiment that measures the ethnocentrism of 447 Chinese consumers as their incentive‐compatible choices between foreign and domestic products in a field setting. Our findings show little effect of foreign origin on subjects' choices that were only weakly related with attitudinal measures including the commonly used consumer ethnocentric tendencies scale (CETSCALE). Our results question the existence of ethnocentric consumer behaviour in China and the use of CETSCALE to gauge it generally. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Automatic attention towards face or body as a function of mating motivation

Because women?s faces and bodies carry different cues of reproductive value, men may attend to different perceptual cues as functions of their long-term versus short-term mating motivations. We tested this hypothesis in three experiments on 135 male and 132 female participants. When influenced by short-term rather than long-term mating motivations, men?s attention was captured by (Study 1), was shifted to (Study 2), and was distracted by (Study 3) the waist/hip area rather than the face on photographs of attractive women. Similar effects were not found among the female participants in response to photographs of attractive men. These results support the evolutionary view that, similar to the attentional selectivity found in other domains of life, male perceptual attention has evolved to selectively capture and hold reproductive information about the opposite sex as a function of short-term versus long-term mating goals.