RIASEC TYPES AND BIG FIVE TRAITS AS PREDICTORS OF EMPLOYMENT STATUS AND NATURE OF EMPLOYMENT

This prospective study investigated the validity of the Five-Factor Model (FFM) of personality and Holland's RIASEC vocational interest typology in predicting employment status and the nature of employment in a sample of graduating college seniors as they entered the job market. A sample of 934 senior college graduates enrolled in various academic subjects filled in Costa and McCrae's NEO-PI-R (1992) and Holland's Self-Directed Search (1979). One year after graduation, they were requested to describe their labor market positions and jobs, using the Position Classification Inventory (PCI; Gottfredson & Holland, 1991). Six hundred and twelve people responded to the second call, of whom 335 were employed and 66 unemployed. The incremental validity of the 2 models over and above each other was investigated in the sample of employed and unemployed subjects ( N = 401) using stepwise regression analysis. The results showed that Extraversion and Conscientiousness were the only valid predictors of employment status and that vocational interests did not show incremental validity over and above these factors. The RIASEC types, however, were clearly superior in explaining the nature of employment, underscoring the validity of Holland's hexagonal calculus assumptions. Employment reflecting Realistic, Social and Enterprising characteristics was to a limited extent predicted by four of the Big Five, except Neuroticism, over and above the RIASEC types. The findings are discussed in the framework of Schneider's Attraction-Selection-Attrition (ASA) theory (1987) concluding that Holland's RIASEC model is more employee-driven, being better at predicting the nature of employment, whereas the FFM is more employer-oriedted, with greater validity in evaluating the employability and employment status of applicants.     

Actions,their effects and preventable evil

International Journal for Philosophy of Religion -     

Refining computerized test interpretations: an in-depth approach

Comprehensive individual psychological evaluations of a small sample of subjects were used to identify shortcomings and suggest improvements in a computerized system for interpreting 16PF and CAQ scores. This approach is offered as a supplement, rather than an alternative, to the usual large sample correlational method. It is argued that such procedures mask desirable refinements by substituting a large number of subjects for detailed and accurate assessment of individual cases. Results of this analysis supported the general accuracy of the computerized system, but revealed gaps in the information provided and suggested alternatives for perfecting the system.     

Understanding family violence: An orientation for family therapists

This paper offers clinicians an introduction to the broad, foundational issues underlying an informed approach to treating intrafamily violence. Important assumptions, drawn mostly from the work of empirical researchers, are provided. One holds that the recognition and treatment of family violence is an appropriate concern for most family therapists and not merely for those who work with the spectacular, notorious tip of the iceberg cases. Assessment and some treatment issues including spouse abuse, child abuse, and abusive adolescents are discussed briefly. Some commonly held therapeutic assumptions are challenged. Systemic approaches, rather than individual treatment, are considered appropriate for most cases.This paper draws heavily from the work of the Family Violence Research Program at the University of New Hampshire, although the interpretations made of such materials are the responsibility of the author. Appreciation is expressed to Craig A. Everett, PhD, and Alice Mancill Nichols for helpful comments and assistance.     

小学低年级汉语儿童语言能力的发展轨迹:认知能力的预测作用

对177名小学一年级学生进行了长达一年的三次追踪,通过多层线性模型探索了儿童汉字识别、口语词汇和限时阅读理解能力的发展轨迹及复合语素意识、正字法意识和快速命名能力对三者的预测作用,结果发现：（1）三种语言能力均随时间呈现显著的线性增长趋势,汉字识别的个体差异逐渐缩小,口语词汇的个体差异相对稳定,而限时阅读理解成绩的差异逐渐扩大;（2）三种认知能力对汉字识别和限时阅读理解的初始成绩均有显著的正向预测作用,复合语素意识不仅能预测口语词汇的初始成绩,还能正向预测限时阅读理解的发展速度。     

Suicide Protective Factors in Outpatient Substance Abuse Patients: Religious Faith and Family Support

The purpose of this study was to identify the protective roles of religious faith and family support in buffering against suicidal behavior in a sample of substance abuse outpatients seeking treatment. Data were collected from 112 clinical outpatients seeking treatment for substance abuse. We hypothesized that religious faith would be related to lower levels of suicidal behavior through a negative association with depressive symptoms. We expected this mediation effect would differ across varying levels of family support, providing support for a moderated mediation effect. The results indicate that religious faith exerts stronger direct and indirect effects on suicidal behavior at low levels of family support. Religious faith was significantly and negatively related to suicidal behavior only at low levels of family support. The findings suggest that in the absence of family support, religious faith may play a compensatory role in protecting against suicidal behavior.