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91.
DANIEL D. TRANEL 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》1981,59(7):425-429
From their beginnings, the social scientists and those in the helping professions have adhered to the cause and effect model of research and application originally developed by the physical scientists. This model was first discredited in physics by Heisenberg's conception in 1927 of the uncertainty principle. If, therefore, this model is inapplicable in the world of material substances, it is all the more inappropriate and misleading in the unique world of the individual, where measurement and predictability are inherently precluded. The same dramatic shift in outlook that the uncertainty principle necessitated among the physical scientists is long overdue among those whose commitment is to the enhancement of the unique world of the person. 相似文献
92.
A FIELD EXPERIMENT TESTING SUPERVISORY ROLE CLARIFICATION 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
JOHN SCHAUBROECK DANIEL C. GANSTER WESLEY E. SIME DAVID DITMAN 《Personnel Psychology》1993,46(1):1-25
An intervention designed to clarify individual roles was tested experimentally on the business service division of a major university. Following a pre-test which identified role stress as a significant problem in the organization, top managers clarified their respective departmental roles in meeting organizational objectives. This was followed by a post-test (Time 2) survey of workers'stressors and symptoms. Supervisors were then trained in the method of clarifying subordinate roles using a dyadic exchange process. Workers were randomly assigned to either participate in a thorough role clarification discussion with their supervisors or join a wait-list control group. Based on a follow-up (Time 3) questionnaire, the intervention appeared to reduce role ambiguity and supervisor dissatisfaction. There were no effects on other aspects of subjective strain, physical symptoms, or time lost due to illness. Role conflict decreased in both the experimental and control groups. We discuss the implications of these findings for systemic efforts to reduce employee stress. 相似文献
93.
As we move into the next decade, greater student demands for counseling services, increased severity of presenting problems, and long waiting lists are becoming a reality at university and college counseling centers. These trends, coupled with limited financial resources, suggest that new models of case management and treatment are needed to maintain quality services. This article describes the development of a time-limited and managed-care treatment policy at the University Counseling Center at Colorado State University. It is offered as one agency's attempt to become more proactive in defining its responsibilities and limits regarding emerging challenges and changes on college campuses. 相似文献
94.
DANIEL ABRAHAMS 《美学与艺术评论杂志》2020,78(4):491-500
This article advances a novel way of understanding humor and stand-up comedy. I propose that the relationship between the comedian and her audience is understood by way of trust, where the comedian requires the trust of her audience for her humor to succeed. The comedian may hold (or fail to hold) the trust of the audience in two domains. She may be trusted as to the form of the humor, such as whether she is joking. She may also be trusted as to the content of the joke. This approach has two distinct virtues. The first is that it makes sense of partial successes. These are cases where the humor neither completely succeeds nor fails because the audience does not fully trust the comedian. The second is that it explains intuitions about ethically dubious humor and why certain classes of humor, especially those dealing in racialized and gendered identities, are more readily (but not necessarily) accepted from humorists of those identities. 相似文献
95.
Two Conceptions of the Physical 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
DANIEL STOLJAR 《Philosophy and phenomenological research》2001,62(2):253-281
The debate over physicalism in philosophy of mind can be seen as concerning an inconsistent tetrad of theses: (1) if physicalism is true, a priori physicalism is true; (2) a priori physicalism is false; (3) if physicalism is false, epiphenomenalism is true; (4) epiphenomenalism is false. This paper argues that one may resolve the debate by distinguishing two conceptions of the physical: on the theory-based conception , it is plausible that (2) is true and (3) is false; on the object-based conception , it is plausible that (3) is true and (2) is false. the paper also defends and explores the version of physicalism that results from this strategy. 相似文献
96.
POSITIVE PSYCHOLOGICAL CAPITAL: MEASUREMENT AND RELATIONSHIP WITH PERFORMANCE AND SATISFACTION 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
FRED LUTHANS BRUCE J. AVOLIO JAMES B. AVEY STEVEN M. NORMAN 《Personnel Psychology》2007,60(3):541-572
Two studies were conducted to analyze how hope, resilience, optimism, and efficacy individually and as a composite higher-order factor predicted work performance and satisfaction. Results from Study 1 provided psychometric support for a new survey measure designed to assess each of these 4 facets, as well as a composite factor. Study 2 results indicated a significant positive relationship regarding the composite of these 4 facets with performance and satisfaction. Results from Study 2 also indicated that the composite factor may be a better predictor of performance and satisfaction than the 4 individual facets. Limitations and practical implications conclude the article. 相似文献
97.
BRUCE MORITO 《Journal of applied philosophy》1996,13(2):123-140
The confusion that persists over Aboriginal claim in North America calls for close examination. The paper begins by sorting out various versions of 'Aboriginal right'and some of the main factors that govern its use. Confusion is analysed as the result of conflating different frames of reference which determine different sets of expectations by Aboriginal and government representatives.
To appreciate the significance of this conflation, it is helpful if not necessary to view the move to use the concept 'Aboriginal right'as a strategic rather than a legally substantive one. Understanding the move in this way helps to explain why it is that definitions remain elusive. The effect of using the concept has indeed been to enable Aboriginals finally and effectively to table their claim. However, the strategy has its cost. Using the language of the courts places Aboriginal negotiators at a disadvantage, since that language is ineluctably tied to European social and legal sensibilities that militate against understanding Aboriginal claim.
If, in the end, we understand that the move to use the language of the courts has been conciliatory, we can better recognise the nature of Aboriginal claim. We can begin to understand that it involves a complex web of responsibilities and commitments, most of which have either been forgotten or perverted to suit government agendas. We can begin to see that it has to do with restoring a relationship of mutual respect and protection. 相似文献
To appreciate the significance of this conflation, it is helpful if not necessary to view the move to use the concept 'Aboriginal right'as a strategic rather than a legally substantive one. Understanding the move in this way helps to explain why it is that definitions remain elusive. The effect of using the concept has indeed been to enable Aboriginals finally and effectively to table their claim. However, the strategy has its cost. Using the language of the courts places Aboriginal negotiators at a disadvantage, since that language is ineluctably tied to European social and legal sensibilities that militate against understanding Aboriginal claim.
If, in the end, we understand that the move to use the language of the courts has been conciliatory, we can better recognise the nature of Aboriginal claim. We can begin to understand that it involves a complex web of responsibilities and commitments, most of which have either been forgotten or perverted to suit government agendas. We can begin to see that it has to do with restoring a relationship of mutual respect and protection. 相似文献
98.
THE EFFECTS OF EMPLOYEE SATISFACTION, ORGANIZATIONAL CITIZENSHIP BEHAVIOR, AND TURNOVER ON ORGANIZATIONAL EFFECTIVENESS: A UNIT-LEVEL, LONGITUDINAL STUDY 总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12
DANIEL J. KOYS 《Personnel Psychology》2001,54(1):101-114
This study addresses the issue of whether positive employee attitudes and behaviors influence business outcomes or whether positive business outcomes influence positive employee attitudes and behaviors. We hypothesize that employee satisfaction, organizational citizenship behavior, and employee turnover influence profitability and customer satisfaction. Data were gathered from the units of a regional restaurant chain via employee surveys, manager surveys, customer surveys, and organizational records. Cross-lagged regression analyses show that employee attitudes and behaviors at Time 1 are related to organizational effectiveness at Time 2. Additional cross-lagged regression analyses show no significant relationship between organizational effectiveness at Time 1 and the employee attitudes and behaviors at Time 2. These results add to the evidence that HR outcomes influence business outcomes, rather than the other way around. 相似文献
99.
100.