大学生共情对利他行为的影响:一个有调节的中介模型

探究大学生共情、幸福感和神经质对利他行为的影响,为促进大学生利他行为提供依据。采用方便取样,选取辽宁省某高校选修课程学生273名,完成中文版人际反应指针量表、神经质人格问卷、幸福感指数量表和大学生利他行为问卷。结果显示:(1) 神经质在共情和利他行为之间起着部分中介作用,也就是说,共情既对利他行为产生直接影响,也通过神经质间接地影响着利他行为;(2) 幸福感是神经质部分中介共情和利他行为关系的调节变量。幸福感调节的是中介作用的后半路径,即共情通过神经质对利他行为的间接效应受到幸福感的调节。具体的说,相对于低幸福感的大学生,间接效应对于高幸福感的大学生更加显著。因此,共情对利他行为的影响是有调节的中介效应。研究结论对增强大学生利他行为有重要的理论价值和实践指导价值。     

临床医学人才培养目标的探讨

通过复阅文件资料、问卷调查,从历史回顾、现状研究等着手,对新世纪医学本科人才培养目标进行了探讨。提出临床医学专业本科人才的总体培养目标是：面向现代化、面向世界、面向未来,具有较高的医学人文素养、较宽的医学基础理论、较强的医学实践能力,具有创新创业精神,融医疗、预防、保健、康复为一体的应用型医学人才。本研究对于进一步整体优化课程结构和改革教学内容具有十分重要的意义。     

Can ‘Intrinsic’ Be Defined Using Only Broadly Logical Notions?1

An intrinsic property is roughly a property things have in virtue of how they are, as opposed to how they are related to things outside of them. This paper argues that it is not possible to give a definition of ‘intrinsic’ that involves only logical, modal and mereological notions, and does not depend on any special assumptions about either properties or possible worlds.     

Do birds of a feather flock together in China?

Evidence of couple similarity was examined in 2 nationally representative samples (Ns = 536 and 537 couples) from mainland China. Variable‐centered and couple‐centered tests provided convergent results suggesting that husbands and wives were considerably similar on characteristics of 3 broad categories: demographic variables, values, and personality. Additional tests suggest that value and personality similarities were not likely to be due to social homogamy, convergence, response biases, or culture‐unique characteristics. Whereas the couple similarity on demographics and values largely mirrors what has been observed in Western research, Chinese couples' consistent and strong similarity on personality domains presents a striking contrast to Western couples who share little systematic similarity on personality.     

CHILDREN'S IMITATION OF A RIDICULED MODEL

In order to test the effectiveness of ridicule as an educational and social corrective in children's educational television programs, arbitrary activities involving a novel object were performed by a Muppet model, videotaped, and presented to 4- and 6-year-olds. In each of three conditions of type of motivational message (ridicule, command, suggestion), a highly specific action was discouraged, another was encouraged, and a third was neither discouraged nor encouraged. The frequency with which subjects played with the novel object served as a measure of imitation. Four-year-olds consistently responded most effectively to correction when commands were given. In sharp contrast, 6-year-olds were most responsive to ridicule and least responsive to command.     

The Effects of Spiritual/Religious Engagement on College Students' Affective Outcomes: Differences by Gender and Race

This study examines the general and differential effects of spiritual/religious engagement on affective college outcomes (i.e., leadership skills, interpersonal skills, social satisfaction, sense of belonging, and psychological well-being) across different gender and racial groups among undergraduate students at research universities. The study utilized data on 63,528 students who participated in the 2008 University of California Undergraduate Experience Survey (UCUES). The findings reveal differential effects of spiritual/religious engagement on college students' affective outcomes depending on their gender and race (i.e., gender- and race-based conditional effects). Implications for college students' spiritual development at public research universities and faith-based institutions are discussed.     

In Memory: Rene A. Ruiz

The life and professional contributions of Rene A. Ruiz are remembered by family, friends, and colleagues. Ruiz's trailblazing work on Hispanic issues in counseling and psychology places him among the ranks of the true pioneers in the field. His career as a counselor, teacher, writer, and researcher spanned three decades prior to his untimely death in 1982. On December 13, 1982, a heart attack claimed the life of Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences Book Review Editor Rene A. Ruiz at the young age of 53. His death was unexpected as he was in good health. With his death, his friends have lost a witty and charming man of high ideals and moral integrity. (Padilla, 1983, p. 137)