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861.
Younger adult students between 19 and 24 years of age (M = 21.3 years), older adult students between 61 and 76 years of age (M = 67.9 years), and older adult nonstudents between 62 and 76 years of age (M = 68.5 years) were assessed for health (self-ratings of physical and mental health), social functioning (self-ratings of physical and mental activity, perceived role activity level, perceived roles, locus of control, and age-norm expectations), and cognitive functioning (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Revised vocabulary and block design, and paired associate memory). Age differences were observed in self-ratings of health, social roles, intellectual performance, and memory. No student status differences were observed. The results are discussed in terms of plasticity of intellectual function and characteristics of student status in later adulthood. 相似文献
862.
The authors put forward a theory of family mythologizing as a process of induction, trance, and ritual. These phenomena, in the context of expressive language, comprise myths. Mythologizing is assumed to be part of normative development. All individuals and families employ myths as schemata for organizing highly complex yet cognitively inexplicable relationships. The authors propose a systemic explanation for the operations of mythologizing and present case illustrations. 相似文献
863.
864.
Ole J. Hovland Cand.paed. Françoise D. Alsaker Cand. psychol. 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》1986,4(2):143-154
The purpose of the present study was to develop an alternative paradigm for measuring irrationality and conduct a preliminary reliability and validity analysis of a self-report scale so constructed. From considering some basic theoretical assumptions in Rational-Emotive Therapy (RET), anemotive paradigm for item-construction was formulated and utilized to develop a 12-item self-report scale for measuring irrationality (SVO-12). A different scale (SVC-12), based on acontent approach, was also developed. These two irrationality scales and a scale for measuring psychopathology were then administered to a group of 199 undergraduate students. Statistical analyses provided empirical support for the reliability and validity of both approaches. Of the two irrationality scales in question, however, the one based on the emotive paradigm (SVO-12) seem to be the most promising. 相似文献
865.
Cliff Zintgraff Debra D. Barringer Frederick J. Bremner 《Behavior research methods》1986,18(2):236-239
In this paper, we discuss the importance and problems of data transfer in psychological research environments. Discussion includes how simple text file transfer systems meet researchers’ needs. The systems’ shortcomings are also analyzed. Strategies for customizing systems, using pre-prepared software packages, point-to-point systems, and “networked” systems, are carefully analyzed. 相似文献
866.
This paper describes a simple infrared photocell circuit that is inexpensive and easy to construct. The light source and detector are housed inexpensively and are focused so the light and detector may be separated over significant distances. The circuit may be used in a variety of conditions, including total darkness and bright fluorescent lighting, without having to readjust or recalibrate the circuitry. Output from the circuit may be used to drive other transistors or electromechanical relays. With minimal additional circuitry and hardware the signal may be interfaced with an Apple computer. 相似文献
867.
RSCORE-J, a computer program for a signal-detection analysis of pooled rating-method data, is listed and described. RSCORE-J computes jackknife estimates of ROC parameters and their standard errors from rating-method data pooled over a group of observers. 相似文献
868.
Richard D. Wright 《Behavior research methods》1986,18(5):463-465
A method of hardware reaction timing with millisecond accuracy, using one of the Amiga’s CIA 8520 chips, is described. The registers of this chip can be set to enable cascaded timing that functions independently of the CPU and, thereby, avoids the problems of software timing in a multitasking environment. In addition, the interfacing of a pair of reaction-time keys to one of the Amiga’s game controller connectors and a program for polling this port for keypresses are described. 相似文献
869.
Helge Sletvold Geirr Molde Jensen K. Gunnar Götestam M.D. Ph.D. 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1986,21(1):32-35
Forty normotensive subjects participated on a voluntary basis in a study designed to compare the effect of suggestions on blood pressure (BP). Two experimental groups received suggestions presumed to be specific in lowering or raising BP after simple relaxation (relaxation group) or hypnotic induction (hypnotic group). A control group was used to record the BP changes over time. The time variable was significant for both systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Induction procedures (hypnosis or relaxation) resulted in significant decreases in DBP in both experimental groups. In the control group there was a significant decrease in SBP. A specific suggestion to increase the BP resulted only in DBP increase in the hypnotic group. This group also gave an increase of both SBP and DBP over the entire experiment, whereas the relaxation group resulted in a significant decrease in SBP. There was no significant group variable, indicating no differences between the groups. Further research is needed to enable firm conclusions of the effect of suggestions on BP. 相似文献
870.
Galina I. Shulgina 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1986,21(4):129-140
Experiments reported in this study have been performed in order to investigate cholinergic and GABA-ergic neurotransmitter systems and substance P in the realization of internal inhibition and pain reinforcement. This was accomplished during the elaboration of inhibitory and defensive conditioned reflexes to light flashes in alert, nonimmobilized rabbits. Present results together with a review of past research indicate that the cholinergic system is directly involved in transmitting the effects of pain reinforcement to neocortical neurons. Substance P, a neuropeptide, reduces the background activity of neocortical and hippocampol neurons and the response of cortical neurons to pain and positive conditioned stimuli. The cholinergic system and substance P exert a modulating effect on the elaboration of internal inhibition. Phenybut, a GABA derivative capable of penetrating the blood-brain barrier, enhances inhibitory hyperpolarization in the cerebral cortex and improves discrimination between the inhibitory and reinforcing light flashes. It appears, therefore, that the GABA-ergic system plays a leading part in the elaboration of internal inhibition. Neuronal activity and slow potential changes in response to positive conditioned and pain stimuli occur in the same direction after administering the preparations, and the dynamics of these changes is different from that in responses to inhibitory stimuli. It may be supposed on these grounds that the neurotransmitter and neuromodulator systems studied possess a considerable degree of plasticity. 相似文献