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Studies of language impairments in patients with Alzheimer's disease have often assumed that impairments in linguistic working memory underlie comprehension deficits. Assessment of this hypothesis has been hindered both by vagueness of key terms such as "working memory" and by limitations of available working memory tasks, in that many such tasks either seem to have little relationship to language comprehension or are too confusing or difficult for Alzheimer's patients. Four experiments investigated the usefulness of digit ordering, a new task assessing linguistic working memory and/or language processing skill, in normal adults and patients with probable Alzheimer's disease. The digit ordering task was shown to be strongly correlated with the degree of dementia in Alzheimer's patients. The task correlated with measures of language processing on which patients and normal controls performed differently. The results are interpreted as indicating that linguistic representations, linguistic processing, and linguistic working memory are intertwined, such that a deficit of one (e.g., working memory) cannot be said to "cause" a deficit in the other. The implications of this approach are explored in terms of task demands in comprehension and memory measures, and interpretation of previous results in the literature. 相似文献
73.
Willcutt EG Hartung CM Lahey BB Loney J Pelham WE 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1999,27(6):463-472
This study examines the clinical utility of behavior ratings made by nonclinician examiners during assessments of preschool children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (AD/HD). Matched samples of children with (n = 127) and without (n = 125) AD/HD were utilized to test the internal, convergent, concurrent, and incremental validity of ratings completed by examiners on the Hillside Behavior Rating Scale (HBRS). Results indicated that HBRS ratings were internally consistent, possessed sufficient interrater reliability, and were significantly associated with parent and teacher reports of AD/HD when controlling for age, gender, intelligence, and symptoms of other psychopathology. HBRS ratings also were significantly associated with other measures of functioning, and provided a significant increment in the prediction of impairment over parent and teacher report alone. These findings suggest that behavioral ratings during testing provide a unique source of clinical information that may be useful as a supplement to parent and teacher reports. 相似文献
74.
Do novel associative word stem completion and cued recall share the same memory retrieval processes?
The aim of this study was to determine whether word stem completion for novel associations between cue and target words was mediated by automatic unconscious memory processes or effortful memory processes under conscious control. This was done by applying full and divided attention conditions at test to stem completion, cued recall, and recognition, and by administering a questionnaire that probed the memory strategies used by subjects during the completion test. Divided attention had no effect on stem completion performance, but did reduce associative cued recall. Recognition performance was weakened overall by divided attention, but the associative effect was similar under both attention conditions. This suggested that novel associative word stem completion was mediated by automatic retrieval processes. However, the results of the questionnaire indicated that only subjects who attempted to remember the words from the study phase during the completion task showed any novel associative effect. It is concluded that novel association word stem completion and cued recall share automatic retrieval processes, which nevertheless give rise to the experience of remembering. 相似文献
75.
Psychological Safety and Appreciation of Differences in Counselor Training Programs: Examining Religion,Spirituality, and Political Beliefs 下载免费PDF全文
Amanda L. Giordano Cynthia M. Bevly Sarah Tucker Elizabeth A. Prosek 《Journal of counseling and development : JCD》2018,96(3):278-288
This study focused on the extent to which religion, spirituality, and political beliefs predicted counseling students' perceptions of psychological safety and appreciation of differences in their programs. The authors used hierarchical regression models to analyze data from 264 students from 4 different institutions. Results indicated that student age, political conservatism, extrinsic religiosity, and intrinsic spirituality were significant predictors of perceived psychological safety and appreciation of differences. The authors discuss implications of these findings. 相似文献
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Cynthia Willett 《Continental Philosophy Review》2012,45(1):1-22
Perhaps no other novel has received as much attention from moral philosophers as South African writer J. M. Coetzee’s Disgrace. The novel is ethically compelling and yet no moral theory explains its force. Despite clear Kantian moments, neither rationalism
nor self-respect can account for the strange ethical task that the protagonist sets for himself. Calling himself the dog man,
like the ancient Cynics, this shamelessly cynical protagonist takes his cues for ethics not from humans but from animals.
He does not however claim much in the way of empathy or understanding of animals, and his own odd motives remain a puzzle
throughout the stages of his ethical transformation. Many scholars approach Coetzee’s text through an ethics of alterity,
and even argue that Disgrace is exemplary in this regard. Kristeva’s rendition of alterity ethics brings us close to the novel’s vision, and yet the novel
points towards a more primordial basis for ethics in the search for meaning through the human encounter with other animal
species. 相似文献
79.
‘Contract cheating’ has recently emerged as a form of academic dishonesty. It involves students contracting out their coursework
to writers in order to submit the purchased assignments as their own work, usually via the internet. This form of cheating
involves epistemic and ethical problems that are continuous with older forms of cheating, but which it also casts in a new
form. It is a concern to educators because it is very difficult to detect, because it is arguably more fraudulent than some
other forms of plagiarism, and because it appears to be connected to a range of systemic problems within modern higher education.
This paper provides an overview of the information and literature thus far available on the topic, including its definition,
the problems it involves, its causal factors, and the ways in which educators might respond. We argue that while contract
cheating is a concern, some of the suggested responses are themselves problematic, and that best practice responses to the
issue should avoid moral panic and remain focussed on supporting honest students and good academic practice. 相似文献
80.
Kristel Thomassin Diana Morelen Cynthia Suveg 《Journal of Contemporary Psychotherapy》2012,42(4):207-213
Theory and empirical research suggest that electronic diaries, which require children to report on their emotional experiences, might encourage emotional processing and facilitate a reduction in symptoms of anxiety, particularly for children exhibiting emotion-related deficits. Electronic diaries were given to 52 children (aged 7–12) to track their emotions and associated intensity for 7?days; anxiety was assessed prior to and after the use of the electronic diary by both parent- and child-report. It was hypothesized that the use of an electronic diary to track emotional experiences would lead to a reduction in anxiety symptoms for those children high in poor awareness, high in expressive reluctance, and low in emotion coping. The use of electronic diaries was effective at reducing child self-reported anxiety symptoms in girls who reported low emotion coping and reducing parent-reported anxiety for girls who reported a high reluctance to express emotions. Current findings suggest that having children identify their emotions using electronic diaries may be particularly beneficial for girls who are reluctant to express emotions and who report poor coping abilities. 相似文献