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991.
Kay Harel 《Sexuality & culture》2001,5(4):29-42
Charles Darwin considered sexual selection as integral to evolution as natural selection, but the theory of sexual selection
was rejected by most scientific and lay audiences. This article argues that sexual selection theory clashed with biases prevalent
in the 19th-century—about culture and nature, mind and body, male and female—in ways that Darwin’s first sketch of evolution
did not. Whereas the 1859 The Origin of Species tracked the development of bodily structures, the 1871 The Descent of Man, and Selection in Relation to Sex focused not on form but function—on behavior. In Darwin’s view, “mind is function of body,” and the mind was the seat not
of reason but of sex. Also, when he postulated that female choice sculpted the male form, he conflicted with the long-standing
cultural assumption that men controlled women. And, in discussing female beauty, Darwin showed a fascinating ambivalence about
its implications for human gender relations. Finally, he was at odds with his culture in the premium he placed on desire.
In short, his theory landed on a cultural fault line, causing upheaval and mayhem, and then it fell into an abyss it had helped
to create. 相似文献
992.
Three distinct clinical orientations were identified in a sample of chemical dependency counselors (N = 406). Based on cluster analysis, the largest group, identified and labeled as “uniform counselors,” endorsed a simple, moral‐disease model with little interest in psychosocial interventions. A 2nd group, identified as “multiform counselors,” embraced an incongruent moral‐disease‐psychosocial model, and valued a myriad of treatment approaches. The smallest group, labeled “client‐directed counselors,” did not fully endorse Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) principles, valued non‐coercive treatment, and recognized coexisting psychopathology in clients. Results from a discriminant function analysis provided evidence to support the 3‐group cluster solution. 相似文献
993.
In the fields of counseling and psychology, interest in religious and spiritual issues is expanding. The authors examined integrating religion and spirituality with marriage and family counseling. They explored potential obstacles and negative consequences for this integration, as well as clinical implications. The positive impact of incorporating a religious or spiritual perspective into clinical practice is discussed. Ethical considerations, techniques, and strategies are presented. 相似文献
994.
This article describes the psychotherapy practice of physician John G. Gehring and places it in historical context. Forgotten today, Gehring was a highly sought-after therapist from the 1890s to the 1920s by prominent figures in the arts, sciences, business, and law. He practiced a combination of work therapy, suggestion, and autosuggestion that has similarities to Cognitive Behavior Therapy and Behavioral Activation. Using biographies, memoirs, and archival records, the details of Gehring's work are reconstructed and the reasons for its success are analyzed. His invisibility in the history of psychiatry is attributed to the later dominance of Freudianism within the field. 相似文献
995.
Yau Priscilla S. Cho Yongwon Shane Jacob Kay Joseph Heckhausen Jutta 《Journal of child and family studies》2022,31(4):897-909
Journal of Child and Family Studies - Prior research has investigated parental behavior and students’ motivation separately as predictors of adolescents’ academic achievement. The... 相似文献
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998.
There is a considerable literature documenting the effects of a near-death experience (NDE) on persons who actually undergo the experience, in terms of their attitudes and opinions about NDEs. However, investigations of how much nonexperiencers know about NDEs and their attitudes towards them are in short supply. This study examined the relationship in people who have not had an NDE between attitudes toward and knowledge of near-death experiences. Subjects were undergraduate students, with a mean age of 32 years. The Near-Death Phenomena Knowledge and Attitudes Questionnaire was employed to assess attitudes toward and knowledge of NDEs. Results indicated that both knowledge and attitudes were relatively normally distributed, and that level of knowledge significantly predicted attitudes towards NDEs, accounting for 34 percent of the common variance. 相似文献
999.
Working memory in skilled and less skilled readers 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
H. Lee Swanson Kathryn F. Cochran Cynthia A. Ewers 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1989,17(2):145-156
This study assessed skilled and less skilled readers' working memory performance. Fifty skilled and less skilled readers at two age levels were presented with sentence span and concurrent memory tasks. The span task results indicated that working memory differences exist between reading groups. The concurrent task revealed performance deficits for less skilled readers across verbal and nonverbal conditions, suggesting a central processing deficiency. Age differences were isolated to skilled readers. It was concluded that less skilled readers' working memory deficiencies were pervasive in the sense that they involve deficiencies in memory components related to central executive processing.The authors are indebted to the University Laboratory School, University of Northern Colorado, and Greeley School District 6 for providing subjects for this study. Special appreciation is given to Dr. Neil Henderson, Sue Swaim, and Karen Cash for their administrative assistance. This study was supported by a grant from the U. S. Office of Special Education and Rehabilitative Services to the first author. 相似文献
1000.
Just World Beliefs Are Associated With Lower Levels of Metabolic Risk and Inflammation and Better Sleep After an Unfair Event 下载免费PDF全文
This study's goal was to conduct a preliminary test of the theory that just world beliefs can buffer against negative physiological outcomes after people experience certain types of negative life events by testing associations between just world beliefs and physiological outcomes among people with different life event histories. In a sample of 247 adults (Mage = 46.01; 24.31% men; 60.78% White), this research investigated the relationship between just world beliefs and metabolic symptoms, inflammation, and sleep among people who had recently experienced an unfair event, another type of negative event, or no negative event. Stronger just world beliefs correlated with lower metabolic risk, lower inflammation, and better sleep among people who had recently experienced an unfair event, but not among those in the other two event groups. These findings suggest that people's beliefs about the world may interact with their life experiences in ways that have implications for health‐relevant outcomes. 相似文献