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221.
William H. Wilson Frank R. Freemon Thomas A. Ban William M. Petrie Cynthia L. Clinton 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1980,15(2):68-73
Viloxazine, an aryl-oxypropanolamine type β-adreno-receptor antagonist, has been used in the treatment of depression. In a double-blind drug interaction study with flurazepam, a commonly used benzodiazepine hypnotic, viloxazine administered alone decreased the amount of time spent in REM sleep, increased the amount of time in the “light” stages of sleep, and increased the number of transitions to awake. However, no interactive effects of the combined administration of viloxazine and flurazepam could be detected. 相似文献
222.
Eighty-four male and 84 female subjects, divided into high, moderate, and low groups on the basis of sex-role stereotyping, watched videotapes of two-person interactions where positive and negative assertive messages were sent by male and female actors to male and female receivers. Subjects rated the level of assertion and the social acceptability of each message. Results indicated that while all messages were rated as relatively assertive, negative messages were perceived as more assertive and less socially acceptable than positive ones. Subjects also rated male senders as more assertive than female senders when the message type was role inappropriate for the subjects but rated female senders as relatively more assertive when the message type was role appropriate for them. Messages from female senders were rated as more socially acceptable than messages from male senders. Finally, messages to male receivers were rated as more acceptable than messages to females, especially by male subjects when the sender was male. Thus, both sex-role stereotypes and situational expectations appear to influence perceptions of level of assertion, and more assertive messages are perceived as less socially appropriate. 相似文献
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Ashley N. Junghans-Rutelonis Julia R. Craner Chelsea M. Ale Cynthia Harbeck-Weber Philip R. Fischer Karen E. Weiss 《Journal of clinical psychology in medical settings》2018,25(4):471-484
Intensive pain rehabilitation programs are effective in increasing functioning for youth with chronic pain (CP). However, the utility of such programs for youth with CP and co-morbid postural orthostatic tachycardia syndrome (POTS) is rarely examined. In addition, studies examining mediators of treatment for CP are sparse. This paper compares treatment outcomes for youth with CP (n?=?117) and youth with CP?+?POTS (n?=?118). Additionally, depression and pain catastrophizing were tested as potential mediators of treatment effects. Significant treatment improvements were found for functional disability, depression, pain catastrophizing, and perceived pain intensity but with no differences between groups. Improvements in depressed mood, pain catastrophizing (helplessness subscale), and pain severity partially mediated functioning improvement. Pain severity was not a significant mediator in the CP?+?POTS group. We concluded that depression and pain catastrophizing, especially the helplessness domain, can impact functioning improvement in adolescents with CP and POTS and are particularly important to target in treatment. 相似文献
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Selin C 《Science and engineering ethics》2011,17(4):723-737
The national-level scenarios project NanoFutures focuses on the social, political, economic, and ethical implications of nanotechnology,
and is initiated by the Center for Nanotechnology in Society at Arizona State University (CNS-ASU). The project involves novel
methods for the development of plausible visions of nanotechnology-enabled futures, elucidates public preferences for various
alternatives, and, using such preferences, helps refine future visions for research and outreach. In doing so, the NanoFutures
project aims to address a central question: how to deliberate the social implications of an emergent technology whose outcomes
are not known. The solution pursued by the NanoFutures project is twofold. First, NanoFutures limits speculation about the
technology to plausible visions. This ambition introduces a host of concerns about the limits of prediction, the nature of plausibility, and how
to establish plausibility. Second, it subjects these visions to democratic assessment by a range of stakeholders, thus raising
methodological questions as to who are relevant stakeholders and how to activate different communities so as to engage the
far future. This article makes the dilemmas posed by decisions about such methodological issues transparent and therefore
articulates the role of plausibility in anticipatory governance. 相似文献
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A perceptual learning experiment provides evidence that the mental lexicon cannot consist solely of detailed acoustic traces of recognition episodes. In a training lexical decision phase, listeners heard an ambiguous [f–s] fricative sound, replacing either [f] or [s] in words. In a test phase, listeners then made lexical decisions to visual targets following auditory primes. Critical materials were minimal pairs that could be a word with either [f] or [s] (cf. English knife–nice), none of which had been heard in training. Listeners interpreted the minimal pair words differently in the second phase according to the training received in the first phase. Therefore, lexically mediated retuning of phoneme perception not only influences categorical decisions about fricatives (Norris, McQueen, & Cutler, 2003), but also benefits recognition of words outside the training set. The observed generalization across words suggests that this retuning occurs prelexically. Therefore, lexical processing involves sublexical phonological abstraction, not only accumulation of acoustic episodes. 相似文献
229.
Norris D Butterfield S McQueen JM Cutler A 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》2006,59(9):1505-1515
Participants made visual lexical decisions to upper-case words and nonwords, and then categorized an ambiguous N-H letter continuum. The lexical decision phase included different exposure conditions: Some participants saw an ambiguous letter "?", midway between N and H, in N-biased lexical contexts (e.g., REIG?), plus words with unambiguous H (e.g., WEIGH); others saw the reverse (e.g., WEIG?, REIGN). The first group categorized more of the test continuum as N than did the second group. Control groups, who saw "?" in nonword contexts (e.g., SMIG?), plus either of the unambiguous word sets (e.g., WEIGH or REIGN), showed no such subsequent effects. Perceptual learning about ambiguous letters therefore appears to be based on lexical knowledge, just as in an analogous speech experiment (Norris, McQueen, & Cutler, 2003) which showed similar lexical influence in learning about ambiguous phonemes. We argue that lexically guided learning is an efficient general strategy available for exploitation by different specific perceptual tasks. 相似文献
230.