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221.
Christopher L. Cunningham 《Behavior research methods》1978,10(1):106-106
An inexpensive cable-swivel device for delivering shock to tail or harness electrodes is described. 相似文献
222.
Gordon M Antshel K Faraone S Barkley R Lewandowski L Hudziak JJ Biederman J Cunningham C 《Journal of attention disorders》2006,9(3):465-475
Diagnosing ADHD based primarily on symptom reports assumes that the number/frequency of symptoms is tied closely to the impairment imposed on an individual's functioning. That presumed linkage encourages diagnosis more by Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (4th ed.) style symptom lists than well-defined, psychometrically sound assessments of impairment. The current study correlated measures reflecting each construct in four separate, large-scale ADHD research samples. Average correlation between symptoms and impairment accounted for less than 10% of variance. Symptoms never predicted more than 25% of the variance in impairment. When an ADHD group was formed according to a measure of current symptoms, the sample size shrunk by 77% when a criterion-based measure of impairment was added. The partial unlinking of symptoms and impairment has implications for decisions about the diagnostic process, research criteria for participant inclusion, prevalence estimates, gender ratios, evaluation of treatment effects, service delivery, and many other issues. 相似文献
223.
Radzikowski C 《Science and engineering ethics》2006,12(1):103-110
The use of experimental animals, mostly rodents, in biomedical research and especially in oncology and immunology should be
acknowledged with respect, recognizing the contribution of animal experimentation in the fascinating scientific progress in
these disciplines of research. It is an obligation of the investigator to justify the scientific and ethical aspects of each
study requiring the use of animals. The international guiding principles for using animals in biomedical research are well
defined and have been distributed worldwide by the International Council for Laboratory Animal Science (ICLAS) since 1956,
when this Organization was founded. In Poland the ICLAS philosophy and principles are highly respected and were implemented
firstly by the members of the Commission on Biology of Experimental Animals appointed in 1962 by the Department of Medical
Science of the Polish Academy of Science in Warsaw. Animal Protection Acts, first proclaimed in 1928 were gradually modified
and improved. Actual legislation (enacted in 1997, 2003 and 2005) is consistent with EU Directives (86/609/EEC) and follows
the internationally recommended principles that include ICLAS guidelines concerning animal welfare and care condition in biomedical
research. The problem of “alternative methods” is briefly discussed.
Dr. Donald Boisvert, CCAC — Canadian Council on Animal Care
A lecture on the subject of this paper was presented at the 6th International Bioethics Conference entitled ‘The Responsible
Conduct of Basic and Clinical Research’, held in Warsaw, Poland, 3–4 June 2005.
The author is the National Representative of Polish Academy of Science to the International Council for Laboratory Animal
Science (ICLAS) and a Member of the ICLAS Governing Board. 相似文献
224.
225.
Cunningham MD 《The American psychologist》2006,61(8):828-839
An assertion that a capital offender will engage in future acts of criminal violence is a factor in determining "death worthiness" in many jurisdictions of the United States. The legislative conception and court affirmation of this issue as a capital consideration were products of the parole policy and prison capability of an earlier era as well as of the limitations of risk assessment methodology and findings at that time. The intuitive assumptions that support assertions of future dangerousness as a death penalty issue have been rendered irrelevant by changing prison conditions and parole policies or have been refuted by current findings. This raises important questions for a reasoned public policy in capital sentencing. ((c) 2006 APA, all rights reserved). 相似文献
226.
227.
This paper examines the implications of violating assumptions concerning the continuity and distributional properties of data in establishing measurement models in social science research. The General Health Questionnaire-12 uses an ordinal response scale. Responses to the GHQ-12 from 201 Hong Kong immigrants on arrival in Australia showed that the data were not normally distributed. A series of confirmatory factor analyses using either a Pearson product-moment or a polychoric correlation input matrix and employing either maximum likelihood, weighted least squares or diagonally weighted least squares estimation methods were conducted on the data. The parameter estimates and goodness-of-fit statistics provided support for using polychoric correlations and diagonally weighted least squares estimation when analyzing ordinal, nonnormal data. 相似文献
228.
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230.
E. James Lieberman MD 《Contemporary Family Therapy》1996,18(3):463-468
A review ofHandbook of relational diagnosis and dysfunctional family patterns. Florence W. Kaslow, Ed. 566 pages. $55. Cloth. ISBN # 0471-08078-0. New York: John Wiley & Sons, 1996. 相似文献