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171.
Methylphenidate (MPH, Ritalin) is a norepinephrine and dopamine transporter blocker that is widely used in humans for treatment of attention deficit disorder and narcolepsy. Although there is some evidence that targeted microinjections of MPH may enhance fear acquisition, little is known about the effect of MPH on fear extinction. Here, we show that MPH, administered before or immediately following extinction of contextual fear, will enhance extinction retention in C57BL/6 mice. Animals that received MPH (2.5-10 mg/kg) before an extinction session showed decreased freezing response during extinction, and the effect of the 10 mg/kg dose on freezing persisted to the next day. When MPH (2.5-40 mg/kg) was administered immediately following an extinction session, mice that received MPH showed dose-dependent decreases in freezing during subsequent tests. MPH administered immediately after a 3-min extinction session or 4 h following the first extinction session did not cause significant differences in freezing. Together, these findings demonstrate that MPH can enhance extinction of fear and that this effect is sensitive to dose, time of injection, and duration of the extinction session. Because MPH is widely used in clinical treatments, these experiments suggest that the drug could be used in combination with behavioral therapies for patients with fear disorders. 相似文献
172.
The purpose of this paper is to introduce the work included in the special issue: Interpersonal Mistreatment of Women in the Workplace. In doing so, the authors develop a multilevel conceptual model, illustrating how the research included in the special issue address causes and consequences of interpersonal mistreatment at the micro, meso, and macro-level of analysis. In addition, the integrated model demonstrates how factors at different levels both influence and are influenced by those at other levels of analysis. Based on this collective work, the authors encourage researchers interested in addressing the mistreatment and marginalization of less powerful groups to consider the multilevel causes and consequences of such behavior. It is only through holistic examinations that researchers can we fully understand this insidious problem and encourage people—whether likely targets of mistreatment or not—to take a stand to end this treatment in workplaces and other society as a whole. 相似文献
173.
Charles Locurto Laura Dillon Meaghan Collins Maura Conway Kate Cunningham 《Animal cognition》2013,16(4):611-625
Three experiments examined the implicit learning of sequences under conditions in which the elements comprising a sequence were equated in terms of reinforcement probability. In Experiment 1 cotton-top tamarins (Saguinus oedipus) experienced a five-element sequence displayed serially on a touch screen in which reinforcement probability was equated across elements at .16 per element. Tamarins demonstrated learning of this sequence with higher latencies during a random test as compared to baseline sequence training. In Experiments 2 and 3, manipulations of the procedure used in the first experiment were undertaken to rule out a confound owing to the fact that the elements in Experiment 1 bore different temporal relations to the intertrial interval (ITI), an inhibitory period. The results of Experiments 2 and 3 indicated that the implicit learning observed in Experiment 1 was not due to temporal proximity between some elements and the inhibitory ITI. The results taken together support two conclusion: First that tamarins engaged in sequence learning whether or not there was contingent reinforcement for learning the sequence, and second that this learning was not due to subtle differences in associative strength between the elements of the sequence. 相似文献
174.
175.
Janine V. Olthuis Patrick J. McGrath Charles E. Cunningham Michael H. Boyle Patricia Lingley-Pottie Graham J. Reid Alexa Bagnell Ellen L. Lipman Karen Turner Penny Corkum Sherry H. Stewart Patrick Berrigan Kathy Sdao-Jarvie 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2018,46(8):1613-1629
Disruptive behavior disorders are prevalent in youth, yet most children with disruptive behavior do not have access to timely, effective treatment. Distance-delivered service (e.g., via telephone, Internet) can overcome several barriers to care. This study tested the effectiveness of a 12-week parent training program, Strongest Families? Parenting the Active Child, delivered via written material, skill-based videos, and telephone coaching sessions, as compared to usual care in reducing child externalizing behavior. Participants were 172 primary caregivers of a 6- to 12-year-old (29% girls; M age?=?8.5 years) recruited from community children’s mental health clinics. Participants were randomized to either Strongest Families? or usual care and completed measures of child externalizing behavior, parenting practices, parent distress, and intervention services consumed at baseline and 5-, 10-, 16-, and 22-months post-baseline. Growth curve analysis showed significant reductions in externalizing behavior in both conditions over time. Improvements were significantly greater at 10 months in the Strongest Families? condition (d =?0.43). At 22 months, however, the differences were not significant and small in magnitude (d =??0.05). The intervention decreased inconsistent discipline significantly more than usual care. Parents in both conditions showed significant reductions in distress. We also conducted a cost-effectiveness analysis to assess the value for money of the Strongest Families? program versus usual care. Distance parent training is a promising way to increase access to, and reduce costs associated with, mental health care for families with a child with disruptive behavior. 相似文献
176.
Michael A Andrykowski Janet S Carpenter Jamie L Studts Matthew J Cordova Lauren L C Cunningham Abbie Beacham David Sloan Daniel Kenady Patrick McGrath 《Health psychology》2002,21(5):485-494
The impact of benign breast biopsy (BBB) on distress and perceptions of risk for breast cancer (BC) was examined. Interviews were conducted with 100 women shortly after notification of biopsy results and 4 and 8 months post-BBB. Compared with matched healthy comparison (HC) women without BBB, the BBB group evidenced greater BC-specific distress at baseline. BC-specific distress declined after BBB, remaining elevated relative to the HC group at the 8-month follow-up. Dispositional (optimism, informational coping style), demographic (education), clinical (family history of BC), and cognitive (BC risk perception) variables were associated with baseline levels of BC-specific distress or persistence of distress. Results support the monitoring process model (S. M. Miller, 1995) and the cognitive social health information processing model (S. M. Miller, Y. Shoda, & K. Hurley, 1996). 相似文献
177.
An experimental study was conducted to determine the impact of expertise and attractiveness on perceived appropriateness of
the endorser with a women’s tennis event and, subsequently, attitudes towards the event and intentions to purchase tickets.
The sample was comprised of 184 undergraduate students at three U.S. universities. Hypotheses were tested through observed
path analysis and results indicated both attractiveness and expertise were significantly related to the endorser’s appropriateness
and explained 24% of the variance. However, there was a significant interaction; in the lower expertise condition, the more
attractive athlete was rated as a more appropriate endorser. Further, endorser appropriateness led to more positive attitudes
and intentions to purchase tickets, and the model explained 13 and 48% of the variance in these variables respectively. 相似文献
178.
The purpose of this study was to examine the extent to which organizational work experiences could be used to understand when coaches planned to leave the profession. NCAA Division I assistant coaches (N = 188) were surveyed concerning (a) the age at which they anticipated leaving the coaching profession and (b) the extent to which the 3 work experiences described by S. Inglis, K. E. Danylchuk, and D. Pastore (1996)—Recognition and Collegial Support, Work Balance and Conditions, and Inclusivity—were fulfilled. Chi-square analyses revealed that women intended to leave the profession at an earlier age than did men. A multivariate analysis of covariance indicated that persons who intended to remain in the coaching profession after they turned 55 worked in organizational environments that emphasized Inclusivity. These results are particularly important for female coaches, as women consider an inclusive work environment to be more important than do men (D. L. Pastore, S. Inglish, & K. E. Danylchuck, 1996). 相似文献
179.
Michael R. Cunningham Stephen R. Shamblen Anita P. Barbee Lara K. Ault 《Personal Relationships》2005,12(2):273-295
A social allergy is a reaction of hypersensitive annoyance or disgust to a repeated behavior. Two studies were conducted on the social allergen categories of uncouth habits, inconsiderate acts, intrusive behaviors, and norm violations. Study 1 focused on hypothetical male and female partner behaviors at 2 and 12 months in a dating relationship. Study 2 obtained reports of social allergens performed by the individual and partner in dating couples, as well as the individual's emotional responses and relationship outcomes. Social allergens were perceived to increase in frequency over time in both studies, with some indications that men were more uncouth and norm violating and women were more inconsiderate and intrusive. Study 2 also found that the more often that the partner performed an allergenic behavior, the stronger was the individual's negative emotional reaction. Further, frequent and emotionally intense social allergens were associated with relationship dissatisfaction, and with termination assessed a year later. 相似文献
180.