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61.
Robert Cummins 《Philosophical Studies》1979,35(4):345-360
62.
Robert C. Cummins 《American journal of community psychology》1988,16(5):685-700
Conclusion Although the cross-sectional methodology of the present study limits causal inference, the results concerning the buffering effects of received social support for those who have perceptions of internal locus of control corroborates previous research and thus suggests that causal interpretations offered may have some validity.Several general conclusions appear justified from the present study. First, it appears a measure of social support that asks respondents to report on the receipt of particular supportive actions yields different information than a measure that asks respondents to rate the amount of support available to them. Second, perceptions of internal locus of control in combination with receipt of supportive behaviors has a stress-buffering effect. Third, perceptions concerning locus of control appear important in determining the direct and moderating effects of perceived social support on psychological distress. Finally, the interpretation of social support by stress interactions in which support acts as a negative buffer, i.e., increases the stress-symptom relation, may increase our understanding of the role of social support in coping with stress. 相似文献
63.
A classroom-integrated structured introduction to computer use was compared to an unstructured, voluntary exposure in a group of 362 first-year college students. It was hypothesized that sex differences in attitude and use would be mitigated for students whose training in computer use was integrated into their classroom work. The data supported the hypothesis, indicating that higher male ratings with regard to computer use, attitude toward computers and perceived efficacy at the onset of the experiment were attenuated in the structured condition and amplified in the unstructured condition. Further analysis of the responses of females and males in the unstructured condition suggested different determinants of subsequent use, attitude, and efficacy. For females, prior computer use most strongly influenced the three subsequent dependent measures, while for males prior attitude was the most influential determinant.The authors wish to thank Susan E. Kirschner for proposing and implementing the course structure that enabled us to carry out this investigation. 相似文献
64.
Elizabeth?Holmes-TruscottEmail author Jessica?L.?Browne Frans?Pouwer Jane?Speight Robert?A.?Cummins 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2016,17(3):1205-1217
This study examines the subjective wellbeing of Australian adults with diabetes who completed the Diabetes MILES—Australia survey, investigating by diabetes type and treatment, and by comparing with the subjective wellbeing of the general Australian adult population. In addition, the extent to which depression and socio-demographic factors account for subjective wellbeing is investigated. People with type 1 or type 2 diabetes have significantly lower subjective wellbeing compared to the general population, even after controlling for covariates (demographic and socio-economic status, diabetes duration, body mass index, number of diabetes-related complications, and depression). Furthermore, adults with type 2 diabetes using insulin to manage their condition report the lowest levels of subjective wellbeing, and are also most likely to report dissatisfaction with their current health. These findings suggest that living with diabetes, and in particular, living with type 2 diabetes and using insulin, strongly challenges the maintenance of subjective wellbeing. 相似文献
65.
Denise Dellarosa Cummins 《Memory & cognition》1997,25(3):415-416
Fairley and Manktelow (1997) have mistaken an error of presentation for an error of substance. My causal theory remains the same: Causal reasoning scenarios that require the reasoner to decide whether or not an effect will occur in the presence of a viable cause trigger consideration of disabling conditions—that is, factors that could prevent the effect from occurring in the presence of a viable cause. Scenarios that require the reasoner to decide whether or not a particular cause has produced an observed effect trigger consideration of possible alternative causes. The data reported by Cummins (1995) and Cummins, Lubart, Alksnis, and Rist (1991) are consistent with this theoretical analysis. 相似文献
66.
Personal Income and Subjective Well-being: A Review 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
Robert A. Cummins 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2000,1(2):133-158
Conventional wisdom holds that money has little relevance to happiness. This review will demonstrate quite the opposite is true and will argue that case using the Homeostatic Theory of Subjective Well-Being (SWB). Homeostatic theory proposes that SWB is held within a narrow range determined by personality. Experience with the environment also impacts on this system but its influence is attenuated by two sets of buffers. The internal buffers comprise beliefs in perceived control, self-esteem, and optimism. The external buffers comprise resources, such as personal assistance, that ameliorate the impact of potentially negative events. This model predicts significantly different levels of SWB for people who are rich, people on average Western incomes, and people who are poor. Data are provided that support this prediction. It is concluded that money buys happiness to the extent that external resources permit optimal functioning of the SWB homeostatic system. 相似文献
67.
Past research has inconsistently distinguished the neural substrates of various types of working memory. Task design and individual performance differences are known to alter patterns of brain response during working-memory tasks. These task and individual differences may have produced discrepancies in imaging findings. This study of 50 healthy adults (M(age) = 19.6 yr., SD = .8) examined performance during various parametric manipulations of a verbal and spatial n-back working-memory task. Performance systematically dissociated on the basis of working-memory load, working memory type, and stimulus difficulty, with participants having greater accuracy but slower response time during conditions requiring verbal versus spatial working memory. These findings hold implications for cognitive and neuroimaging studies of verbal and spatial working memory and highlight the importance of considering both task design and individual behavior. 相似文献
68.
69.
Matthew K. Wynia Deborah Cummins David Fleming Kari Karsjens Amber Orr James Sabin 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2013,13(3):87-100
Patients and physicians often perceive the current health care system to be unfair, in part because of the ways in which coverage decisions appear to be made. To address this problem the Ethical Force Program, a collaborative effort to create quality improvement tools for ethics in health care, has developed five content areas specifying ethical criteria for fair health care benefits design and administration. Each content area includes concrete recommendations and measurable expectations for performance improvement, which can be used by those organizations involved in the design and administration of health benefits packages, such as purchasers, health plans, benefits consultants, and practitioner groups. 相似文献
70.
Researchers generally agree that Subjective Wellbeing (SWB) comprises both cognitive and affective components. However, the
proportioning of their contributions, and the relationship between these constructs and personality, remain equivocal. This
study investigated the relationship between these constructs, representing affect by Homeostatically Protected Mood (HPMood).
Using a sample of 205 Victorian high-school students aged between 13 and 20 years, structural equation modeling determined
that an HPMood-driven model of SWB was better fitting than either a personality-driven model of SWB or a cognition-driven
model of SWB, explaining 80% of variance. These results support HPMood as the major component of SWB. They also reinforce
the proposition that HPMood may be the driving force behind individual SWB set-points and the variable that SWB homeostasis
seeks to defend. 相似文献