中文句子阅读中语义信息对眼动预视效应的影响

采用句子为阅读材料,变化句子中一个单字词形成语义连贯与语义违背两种实验条件,通过两个眼动实验探讨中文句子阅读中预视效应的产生是否受语义信息的影响。实验一运用自然阅读范式,考察当语义连贯与违背两类信息被读者直接注视时,读者眼动模式的变化。结果发现,在语义连贯与违背两种条件下,读者的眼动模式在目标位置立即产生差异,违背条件下首次注视时间更长,说明中文句子理解中语义加工可以进行得十分即时。实验二运用边界技术,使实验一的语义连贯与违背两类关键字只呈现在预视位置上,当读者的注视点越过边界时,两类预视字均变为另一个与句子意义连贯的目标字。结果发现,语义违背预视条件下,读者对预视位置将进行更长时间的加工。上述结果表明,中文句子阅读过程中,语义信息可以对预视效应产生影响     

幽门螺杆菌根除治疗与胃癌预防

幽门螺杆菌感染是胃癌发生的重要危险因素,目前研究集中在根除幽门螺杆菌是否能预防胃癌的发生,以及胃早癌内镜切除术后给予预防性根除幽门螺杆菌治疗能否降低胃癌的复发率,本文将就胃癌预防与根除幽门螺杆菌治疗的相关文献作一分析。     

Th17细胞在胸腺瘤合并MG发病机制中作用的探讨

探讨Th17细胞在胸腺瘤合并重症肌无力（MG）发病中的作用。分析27例胸腺瘤患者相关资料,免疫组化法确定瘤组织中IL-17和CD4^＋T细胞表达。结果为胸腺瘤合并MG男性年龄低于女性,瘤组织高表达IL-17和CD4^＋T细胞。B1和B2型易合并MG。结论是Th17细胞和IL-17在胸腺瘤合并MG发病中有一定作用。     

运用比较治疗学的方法促进T2DM胰岛素治疗决策的最优化

2型糖尿病(T2DM)为内分泌科常见疾病,胰岛素是最主要的治疗药物之一,但胰岛素治疗方法诸多,各种方案的疗效参差不齐.为了促进2型糖尿病治疗决策的最优化,本文通过利用检索国内报道的相关文献,对文献中2型糖尿病的胰岛素治疗方法进行归纳总结,并且运用比较治疗学的研究方法进行比较分析,旨在寻求最有效的治疗方案.     

The maximum priority index method for severely constrained item selection in computerized adaptive testing

This paper introduces a new heuristic approach, the maximum priority index (MPI) method, for severely constrained item selection in computerized adaptive testing. Our simulation study shows that it is able to accommodate various non‐statistical constraints simultaneously, such as content balancing, exposure control, answer key balancing, and so on. Compared with the weighted deviation modelling method, it leads to fewer constraint violations and better exposure control while maintaining the same level of measurement precision.     

Improved statistics for contrasting means of two samples under non‐normality

This paper presents the asymptotic expansions of the distributions of the two‐sample t‐statistic and the Welch statistic, for testing the equality of the means of two independent populations under non‐normality. Unlike other approaches, we obtain the null distributions in terms of the distribution and density functions of the standard normal variable up to n^?1, where n is the pooled sample size. Based on these expansions, monotone transformations are employed to remove the higher‐order cumulant effect. We show that the new statistics can improve the precision of statistical inference to the level of o (n^?1). Numerical studies are carried out to demonstrate the performance of the improved statistics. Some general rules for practitioners are also recommended.     

以"自由"为核心的普世价值观念与中国伦理学

"自由"是现代市场经济制度的必然要求,并且表达着生活在现代市场经济制度中的"人"的理想.在当今世界,谁掌握了普世价值观念的话语权,谁就占据了道义制高点,就在国际交往中处于主动地位.但是西方国家至今垄断着普世价值观念的话语权,对中国的"妖魔化"正愈演愈烈,我们则处在欲辩无词的窘境.中国的现代伦理学应当高举"自由"的旗帜,从"自由"这些普世价值观念的角度深入和系统地总结改革开放以来的成功经验,从而丰富和发展马克思主义,进一步建构和完善社会主义核心价值体系.在经济全球化的背景中,在历史给定的不同民族文化传统和不同生活方式的基础上,通向"自由"的道路永远敞开着新的可能性.     

论人际关系和谐的现代意义及其实现途径

人际关系和谐是指人与人之间关系的一种状态,这种状态表现为人与人之间的平等互信、融洽友好、文明有序、团结互助.在当代中国,人际关系和谐是社会主义和谐社会的基础,是社会经济发展的动力,是社会主义精神文明的重要内容.要实现人际关系的和谐,需要一系列条件的保障,这就是社会的公平正义,社会民主政治的高度发展,完善的制度建设和道德建设等.     

Environmental enrichment improves behavioral performance and auditory spatial representation of primary auditory cortical neurons in rat

Environmental enrichment (EE) has an important role in brain plasticity. Early research has shown that EE increases the response strength of neurons in the auditory cortex, but it remains unknown whether EE can influence the process of spatial localization in the auditory system. In this study, we raised rats in enriched and standard conditions from postnatal day 10 to day 56. By testing behavioral tasks via auditory cues, we have shown that EE improved the number of correct scores, but decreased the reaction time and azimuth deviation in behavioral performance of sound-azimuth discrimination. By in vivo extracellular recording, we have shown that EE enhanced the directional sensitivity of neurons in the primary auditory cortex. For example, EE rats had a smaller spatial receptive field, sharper frequency tuning curve and directional selective curve of auditory neurons compared with normal rats. Our findings indicate that early exposure to EE increases directional sensitivity. These results provide an insight into developmental plasticity in the auditory system.     

Validation of the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ) in Taiwanese Undergraduate Students

The aim of this study was to translate and validate the Gratitude Questionnaire (GQ; McCullough et al. 2002) using Taiwanese undergraduate students. A total of 608 college students (M _age = 20.19, SD = 2.08) were recruited for the current study and they completed the GQ, optimism, happiness, and big five personality questionnaires. Confirmation factor analysis indicated that a five item model was a better fit than the original six item model. Cross-validation also supported the modified Chinese version of the GQ. In addition, the Chinese version of the GQ was, as expected, positively correlated with optimism, happiness, agreeableness, and extraversion, which supported its construct validity. The Cronbach’s α was .80 for the Chinese version of the GQ, indicating satisfactory validity and reliability in a Taiwanese student sample. It was concluded that the Chinese version of the GQ would be useful for assessing individual differences in dispositional gratitude.