“过分自信”的研究及其跨文化差异

“过分自信”是一种偏离校准,是指人们关于一般知识问题的概率判断通常以某种方式偏离校准,这种偏离都偏高。跨文化系列研究表明：面对常识和概率判断问题,集体主义文化成员（如中国人）比个体主义文化成员（如美国人）更过分自信。文章在简要回顾“过分自信”研究的基础上,对“过分自信”的跨文化差异及原因进行了比较详细地介绍,并对“过分自信”跨文化差异研究的进一步发展和实际应用进行讨论。冀对以往的研究做初步的归纳和总结,促进决策领域中跨文化比较方面的研究得到进一步发展     

强迫症患者反应抑制缺陷及注意的调节作用

使用内外源线索结合不同冲突水平的侧抑制任务,考察强迫症患者对分心刺激的抑制有无缺陷、注意定向对分心刺激的干扰效应有无调节作用及在何水平上发挥作用。结果表明:强迫症患者不同冲突水平的侧抑制任务均无明显反应抑制缺陷,可能与其注意威胁性信息等有关;集中注意在知觉冲突水平上对强迫症患者和正常人的反应冲突进行调节且无显著性差异,可能与强迫症患者关注内容非空间定向有关。     

平面香水广告版面设计的眼动研究

本研究以EyeLinkⅡ型眼动仪探讨被试在观看香水广告时的眼动特征。实验设计为4(香水瓶位置:左上角、右上角、左下角、右下角)×3(背景图案:人物、广告词、风景)×2(兴趣区:香水、背景)的被试内设计。结果发现:(1)当香水瓶位于广告的下半部分时能够吸引消费者更多的注意;(2)当以人物为背景图案时,被试对位于广告左下角的香水瓶的注意更多;当以广告词为背景图案时,被试对位于广告的左上角的香水瓶的注意更多;(3)被试对香水广告版面设计时背景图案为风景的香水广告的喜爱甚于人物(名人或模特)和广告词。     

Buddhist Thought and Several Problems in the World Today

Buddhism has not only produced an influence upon the ancient world culture but is also playing an important role in world affairs today. This article analyzes several important problems in the world today: world peace, disarmament, economic justice, human rights, environmental protection, and universal cooperation in world problem solving. The writer holds that, to solve these problems, we should study Buddhist theory and get some helpful ideas from it. Translated from Beida Journal of Philosophy, Vol. 5, Special Issue, April 2004     

Religious studies in Scotland: A persistent tension with divinity

This article treats the history of the study of religions in Scotland as a chapter in the history of the academic study of religions in the UK and Continental Europe. After sketching traditions of ‘Scottish comparative religion’ from the late nineteenth century to the interwar period, the authors map out an institutional history of ‘Religious Studies’ as a distinctive disciplinary formation in Scotland since 1970. The emergence, consolidation and in some cases decline of this relatively new academic field are charted at the five main contemporary university sites in Scotland where religion, as a distinct subject, is taught: Aberdeen, Glasgow, Edinburgh, Stirling and the Open University. In the cases of Aberdeen, Glasgow and Edinburgh, the authors argue that ‘Religious Studies’ has had to fashion its niche in the context of the ecclesiastical authority enjoyed by Scottish Divinity faculties, resulting in an ongoing ‘tension’ between Religious Studies and Theology. The development of the subject at Stirling and the Open University underscores the historical alignment of Religious Studies with non-Presbyterian educational values in Scotland, whereas the persistence of Religious Studies in Schools of Divinity at the other Scottish universities may veil the traditionally ‘religionist’ stance of most scholars of religion working in these institutions.     

There are no Degrees in a Bodhisattva's Compassion

This paper is to argue that there are no degrees in a Bodhisattva's compassion and also to explore the Western account of compassion, which suggests that there are degrees in our compassion. After analyzing and comparing both positions, I affirm that they are opposite views.     

形态、路径与问题：马克思主义哲学研究的反省与前瞻

改革开放以来,哲学理论界在马克思主义哲学领域开展了深入的反思,取得了显著的研究成果。进入新世纪,一批新生代学者自觉地对马克思主义哲学研究现状进行再反思。为此,本刊特辟“马克思主义哲学研究现状及其反思”专栏,希望就马克思主义哲学研究中出现的问题以及研究方式、研究路径做进一步思考和探讨,以期推动马克思主义哲学研究的创新和发展。     

心理障碍的文化建构--健康心理学发展中的新趋向

西方心理学发展过程中的文化转向使得文化在心理障碍建构中的作用日益突出,主要表现为:象征功能、建构功能、指导功能和唤起功能。相应地,文化对于心理障碍的建构主要通过文化基础的主观经验、悲伤惯用语、诊断、治疗和结果来进行。此种建构方式将促使心理障碍的诊断和治疗走出传统的疾病中心治疗范式,更加关注人文因素的强大作用。     

佛教与婆罗门教善恶观念比较

佛教与婆罗门教是古代印度的两个主要宗教派别。它们的善恶观念是各自理论体系中的重要组成部分。两教的此类观念虽然有明显不同,但都与古代印度圣典吠陀和奥义书有渊源关系。佛教和婆罗门教各自的善恶观念都有不同层次的划分。在后来的发展中,两教的善恶观念有很大的趋同性,它们相互影响,彼此吸收对方思想。两教中的一些基本层次的善恶观念的内容有大量是相同的,较高层次的善恶观念虽有不同,但同样强调智慧解脱。这方面的思想对古代印度系统宗教哲学的形成起了促进作用,在世界文化发展史上占有重要地位。     

佛道争锋与寒山形象的演变

本文提出佛道争锋影响和决定了寒山形象的演变。寒山在较早的道教记载中是一个隐居修道者的形象,后来逐渐佛教化,演变为佛教高僧的形象。但道教并未因此放弃对寒山的所有权,而是通过阐发寒山诗中的道教精神、编造新的寒山作品等手段,力图重塑寒山的修道者形象。