前景理论能否解释花生瓣形效应

为了探讨前景理论能否解释花生瓣形效应(一种风险倾向随决策所涉金额大小而发生变化的效应),研究构建了4个风险概率结构相同但金额大小不同的一系列决策任务,并同时设计两种不同角度的参照点探测任务,以考察博弈活动所花时间的价值或获得情境下对获得的一般期望值能否作为前景理论的参照点,进而使得花生瓣形效应为前景理论所解释。结果发现,以一般期望值为参照点时,前景理论可以对花生瓣形效应作出比较好的解释,但博弈活动所花时间价值不可。     

大学生习惯性负性自我思维与自尊的相关研究

采用实验法和测验法,让186名大学生完成内隐联想测验、SES量表和习惯性负性自我思维量表,探讨了中国文化背景下大学生习惯性负性自我思维与自尊的关系。结果发现:1)大学生有强烈的内隐自尊;2)内隐、外显自尊是相对独立的;3)习惯性负性自我思维存在显著性别差异;内隐、外显自尊及ZIAT-ZSES性别差异不显著;4)男大学生习惯性负性自我思维与外显自尊存在显著负相关,女大学生相关不显著;习惯性负性自我思维与内隐自尊及ZIAT-ZSES相关不显著。     

Corporate Culture and Sales Force Management in Japan and America

Abstract

Managers' personal values are a key aspect of corporate culture. Sales representatives' agreement with their managers' values (hereafter “value congruence”) can be expected to influence sales performance, satisfaction, and propensity to quit. These propositions are investigated in two countries. One hundred seventy-five sales representatives and 93 sales managers from a Japanese firm and 146 sales representatives and 21 sales managers from a comparable American firm participated in the study. A questionnaire was distributed to the managers and representatives. Value congruence was found to be weakly related to performance, but strongly related to satisfaction and propensity to quit for both cultural groups. The Japanese group was found to be higher in value congruence and propensity to quit, but lower in satisfaction. Suggested are implications for future research and for managers.     

Up or Down? How Culture and Color Affect Judgments

In the Mainland China stock market, an upmarket is represented by the color red, whereas a downmarket is represented by the color green. Elsewhere, including the Chinese Hong Kong stock market, the color representations are the opposite. Three studies were conducted to examine the red‐up–green‐down effect for Mainland Chinese as well as the green‐up–red‐down effect for Hong Kong people. Study 1 showed that Mainland Chinese tended to predict greater economic growth (study 1a) and higher growth in consumption trends (study 1b) when the experimental materials were presented in red than in green, whereas Hong Kong participants exhibited the opposite tendencies. Study 2 found that Mainland Chinese implicitly associated red and green with up and down, respectively; Hong Kong people, however, implicitly associated green and red with up and down, respectively. Study 3 further indicated that Mainland Chinese were more likely to predict good outcomes when scenarios were presented in red, whereas Hong Kong participants were more likely to predict good outcomes when scenarios were presented in green. These findings suggest that culturally specific environment cues could influence human prediction and judgment. Implications for judgment generally are discussed. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Self‐construction and identity: The Confucian self in relation to some western perceptions

In contrast to the metaphysical, epistemological and psychological understandings of the self traditionally held and today still extensively considered in the West, the self in Confucianism is essentially an ethical concept, representing a holistic view of humanhood and a continuingly constructive process driven by self‐cultivation and moral orientations. This paper first examines what is literally and philosophically meant by the self in these two traditions, then examines the contrasts or comparisons between the Confucian conception of the self and the self as perceived in some strands of Western philosophy; and finally, interprets and analyses the constructively organic theory of the Confucian self, which is clearly differentiated from the self perceived in mainstream philosophy in traditional Europe and yet is being echoed in the more recent developments of Western philosophy and in the strong current of postmodernism. [1]     

Penalized Best Linear Prediction of True Test Scores

Psychometrika - In best linear prediction (BLP), a true test score is predicted by observed item scores and by ancillary test data. If the use of BLP rather than a more direct estimate of a true...     

课间缓解学习疲劳的一项探索性研究

学习疲劳是影响学生心理健康和学习效率的重要因素。学生课间心理保健操是根据我国大、中、小学生的生理、心理特点,参考Jacobson的渐进放松技术编制而成的,一般在学生学习最疲劳的课间组织实施。经过8所大、中、小学921名被试的实验研究,结果显示:学生课间心理保健操对大、中、小学生都有作用,能够有效地缓解学生的学习疲劳,恢复认知水平,特别是注意水平;对男生和女生普遍适用。适合大面积推广。     

国内心理治疗和咨询专业人员及工作状况调查

本研究的主要目的是考察国内目前心理治疗和咨询的人员及专业工作方面的地区差异,并做出比较.调查包括全国29个省、市、自治区的1543名被试.按照行政区域分为华北、东北、华东、中南、西南和西北六个地区.本研究采用自编的调查表对心理治疗师/咨询师个人情况和专业工作情况进行了调查.结果发现各地区发展确实存在不均衡的状况,华北、华东地区的相关人员专业水平较高,专职工作比较完善;而西北地区则相对比较落后,体现在治疗师倍询师专职化、专业化程度较低等方面.