The recognition of emotional prosody in students with blindness: Effects of early visual experience and age development

This study examined the role of early visual experience and age in the recognition of emotional prosody among students with visual impairments in China. A total of 75 primary and junior high school students participated in the study. The ability of participants to recognize the prosody of four basic emotions (sadness, anger, happiness, and neutrality) was explored. The findings were as follows. (1) Early visual experience had a significant effect on the recognition of emotional prosody. The accuracy rate of students with congenital blindness was lower than that of students with adventitious blindness, and the performance of students with congenital blindness was lower than that of sighted students. The students with congenital blindness exhibited the slowest recognition speeds. (2) Age had a significant effect on the emotional prosody recognition accuracy of the sighted students, but it had no effect on the students with blindness.     

因果关系及典型性程度对类别特征推理的影响

采用学习―测试二阶段实验范式,探讨了因果关系及典型性程度对类别特征推理的影响。研究结果表明:(1)因果关系影响类别特征推理任务;(2)典型性程度影响类别特征推理任务;(3)类别特征间存在因果关系的前提下,原因特征维度值与典型性程度间存在交互作用。典型性程度对不含原因特征的项目的特征推理影响是有限的。     

多动症儿童的心理评定和家庭因素的关系

本研究结果显示多动症儿童在行为评定量表、注意划消测验、本德尔视觉运动格式塔测验、本统视觉保持测验及智力测验等心理评定项目中,与正常儿童有着明显的差异。多动症儿童父母对待子女的态度及家庭教育方式和儿童的认知、行为、学习有明显的关系。家庭因素对多动症的发生和发展有重要的影响。心理评定为多动症的诊断提供客观的参考依据。     

樟柳碱所致学习和记忆障碍动物模型的探讨

本实验采用水迷津法、步下法和步入法,用樟柳碱制备学习和记忆障碍的动物模型。结果表明,樟柳碱(10毫克/公斤)可使小鼠引起学习障碍,其表现为通过水迷津全程的时间延长,而且小鼠进入盲路的错误次数明显增多。樟柳碱(10毫克/公斤)可使小鼠引起记忆障碍,在樟柳碱的影响下,小鼠步下平台或步入暗箱的潜伏期明显缩短,并使它们的错误次数增多。本实验结果进一步表明,测定小鼠的记忆障碍,步入法似乎比步下法更为敏感。     

教师期望对学生学业成绩的影响

采用教师期望评定量表、中学生学业成就动机量表,就教师期望对学生学业成绩影响的问题进行了问卷调查和数量分析。结果表明：教师期望通过影响学生的学习能力感和学业成就动机,影响学生的学业成绩;学生学业成绩的变化,对教师期望水平及其自身的学习能力感和学业成就动机也有影响;学生学习能力感和学业成就动机之间存在着互动的关系。     

小规模群体开放式与封闭式讨论任务的工作特性比较

１４个小组的大学生共６８人参加两种不同的群体工作,其中７组进行开放式问题的讨论,７组进行封闭式问题的讨论。从工作进程、工作模式和工作特点等方面记录群体工作行为：工作进程各阶段所用时间,发言的针对性,发言的连续性,说明问题的方式和深度,群体的意见分歧与支持行为和表达方式。结果表明：封闭式问题需要更多的时间澄清问题并且更多引用例子来阐述观点;讨论开放式问题多采用归纳推理而封闭式问题多采用演绎推理;无论在哪种问题的讨论中,针对个体的发言都显著多于针对整体的发言,而且人们更多地以非言语的方式而不是口头方式表示赞成。本文对以上结果在电视、电话和计算机辅助会议系统设计中的应用作了进一步讨论     

生物反馈、肌肉放松与高血压

本文旨在了解生物反馈与高血压病的关系,以临床客观指标探索它们之间的差量。随意选择高血压病者39名,分为三个组:单纯生物反馈组,肌肉放松训练组以及生物反馈辅助肌肉放松训练组。经一个月训练结果表明:单纯生物反馈组收缩压与舒张压的疗效有非常显著性差异水平。肌肉放松组仅收缩压疗效有统计学意义,舒张压不呈现差异水平。生物反馈辅助肌肉放松训练组两种血压疗效与单纯生物反馈组类似。这说明单纯生物反馈在治疗高血压中起主要作用。肌肉放松有很强的局限性。     

Philosophy of science and the study of religion

This paper responds to the six papers from the Tokyo IAHR session.     

Rheumatoid arthritis is associated with negatively variable impacts on domains of female sexual function: evidence from a systematic review and meta-analysis

To systematically review the literature to identify the impact of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) on specific female sexual function domains. A meta-analysis was performed and the related literature were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, CNKI, CBM and Web of Science databases, and in reference lists of articles and systematic reviews. Score of the Female Sexual Function Index (FSFI) was used as the outcome measurement, and mean differences (MD) with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Five studies were included, including 346 women with RA and 237 healthy female controls. Each domain of the FSFI score: lubrication (MD, ?2.48; 95% CI, ?3.69, ?1.28), orgasm-1.71 (?2.09, ?1.33), sexual desire-1.27 (?1.59, ?0.95), satisfaction-1.67 (?2.18, ?1.16), arousal-1.83 (?2.85, ?0.82), pain-1.57 (?2.43, ?0.70) and the total score ?8.84 (?11.88, ?5.79) were lower in RA women than healthy controls. Furthermore, lubrication dimension was most severely affected especially. This meta-analysis showed that female RA patients scored lower in each dimension of FSFI, mostly in the lubrication domain. It demonstrated that targeted interventions should be done to improve their sexual function. Future well-designed researches with larger sample sizes are necessary to evaluate the potential risk factors which determine female sexual dysfunction.     

改革开放新时期中国共产党总结经验的基本特点

善于总结经验是中国共产党的优良传统。改革开放以来中国共产党总结历史和现实经验的总体情况,可以从经验所涉及的时间跨度、概括内容、表述方式等方面来把握;这一时期党总结经验的基本特点是科学性、政治导向性、深刻性和动态性。坚持以科学思维方法和正确思想路线为指导,是总结经验具有科学性的必要条件;坚定不移高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜,是政治导向性的集中表现;揭示社会主义现代化建设客观规律、形成中国特色社会主义理论体系,是深刻性的生动体现;遵循人类认识发展规律,在总结经验中实现主客观之间具体、历史的统一,是动态性的内在根据。科学性是政治导向性、深刻性和动态性的基础,深刻性、动态性是科学性的要求和体现;科学性和政治导向性的结合,从根本上保证中国特色社会主义的正确方向,促进其蓬勃发展。