The prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt in patients with rheumatic diseases: a systematic review and meta-analysis

A number of studies have reported the suicidal ideation (SI) or suicide attempts (SA) of patients with rheumatic diseases. However, the estimated prevalence of those disorders varies substantially between studies. This systematic review aimed to describe the prevalence of SI and SA in rheumatic diseases. Literature search was done using Web of Science, Embase, the Cochrane database library, PubMed and CNKI database through June 2017. Studies were screened according to inclusion and exclusion criteria and the qualities of included studies were evaluated. The data was analyzed using STATA version 12.0. A random-effect meta-analysis was conducted on all eligible data. A total of 17 identified studies matched the inclusion criteria, involving 5174 participants with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), osteoarthritis (OA), rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and fibromyalgia (FM). Meta-analysis showed that rheumatic diseases patients have high prevalence of SI (26%, 95% CI: 19%-32%, I²=96.2%) and SA (12%, 95% CI: 3%-21%, I²=96.6%). We also found the prevalence of SI and SA in females may be higher than in males. All of these indicated that rheumatologists should screen for SI and SA in their patients. Early appropriate intervention is therefore essential to promote the patients’ good mental health.     

Acute exposure to stress improves performance in trace eyeblink conditioning and spatial learning tasks in healthy men

The present study investigated the effects of acute stress exposure on learning performance in humans using analogs of two paradigms frequently used in animals. Healthy male participants were exposed to the cold pressor test (CPT) procedure, i.e., insertion of the dominant hand into ice water for 60 sec. Following the CPT or the control procedure, participants completed a trace eyeblink conditioning task followed by a virtual navigation Morris water task (VNMWT). Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis and sympathetic autonomic system (SAS) activity were assessed by measuring salivary cortisol, heart rate, and skin conductance at selected timepoints. Results revealed positive effects of stress on performance in both tasks. The stress group showed significantly more conditioned blinks than the control group during acquisition of trace eyeblink conditioning. The stress group also performed significantly better in the VNMWT than the control group, with the former showing significantly fewer failures to locate the hidden platform in the allotted time and smaller heading errors than the latter. Regression analyses revealed positive relationships between HPA axis and SAS activity during stress and eyeblink conditioning performance. Our results directly extend findings from animal studies and suggest potential physiological mechanisms underlying stress and learning.     

大学生使用BBS的心理因素研究

在理论分析基础上,构建了大学生使用BBS的心理因素及行为模型,并编制问卷,通过对137名大学生的问卷调查对该模型进行了验证.结果表明:1.使用BBS的行为意向和自我效能感对使用行为的预测作用极其显著.2.使用BBS的态度对行为意向有极显著的正向影响.3.使用BBS过程中体验到的实用性和积极感受对于态度有显著的正向影响,而在使用BBS过程中体验到的危害性对态度有负向影响.4.互联网自我效能感对使用BBS的自我效能感有极其显著的正向影响,但对使用BBS的态度无显著影响.5.使用BBS的自我效能感和控制感对使用行为的影响不显著.     

自尊、防御机制与流浪儿童偏差行为的关系研究

本研究以北京、上海两地救助机构的41名流浪儿童为对象,通过半结构访谈、问卷调查等研究方法,对流浪儿童的心理特征和行为表现进行了深人研究和探讨.结果显示:(1)流浪时问对中间型防御机制有显著影响;性别对流浪儿童所采取的防御机制类型有显著影响.(2)流浪生活(流浪原因、是否有教唆者或加入特定组织、流浪次数等)对偏差行为有重要影响.(3)自尊缓冲不成熟防御机制对偏差行为的负向关系.