不同社会群体特征对内隐领导因素的影响

研究发现,中国人内隐领导理论的内容由个人品德、目标有效性、人际能力和多面性四个因素构成。不同的年龄、职业和教育水平等评分者的特点,对领导诸因素的评分有着显著的影响。综合分析发现,教育水平是影响内隐领导因素评分的主要变量。另外,各组都倾向于把人际能力作为领导最大的特质来加以评分。     

高中生内隐、外显成就动机与学业拖延的关系

采用内隐联想测验和问卷法探讨高中生内隐、外显成就动机与学业拖延的关系。结果表明:(1)内隐、外显成就动机是相互独立的动机系统,但两者以显著的交互作用共同影响学业拖延;(2)不同动机组合的学生,拖延情况有显著差异:高内隐、高外显组的拖延最少,高内隐、低外显组的拖延最多;(3)动机越不一致,拖延越严重,动机一致性能够减少拖延;(4)成绩中等偏下的学生在学习过程的补救和总结上有更多的拖延。因此,学生只有具备了高内隐、高外显的一致性动机,才会出现最少的拖延。     

Extraversion modulates functional connectivity hubs of resting‐state brain networks

Personality dimension extraversion describes individual differences in social behaviour and socio‐emotional functioning. The intrinsic functional connectivity patterns of the brain are reportedly associated with extraversion. However, whether or not extraversion is associated with functional hubs warrants clarification. Functional hubs are involved in the rapid integration of neural processing, and their dysfunction contributes to the development of neuropsychiatric disorders. In this study, we employed the functional connectivity density (FCD) method for the first time to distinguish the energy‐efficient hubs associated with extraversion. The resting‐state functional magnetic resonance imaging data of 71 healthy subjects were used in the analysis. Short‐range FCD was positively correlated with extraversion in the left cuneus, revealing a link between the local functional activity of this region and extraversion in risk‐taking. Long‐range FCD was negatively correlated with extraversion in the right superior frontal gyrus and the inferior frontal gyrus. Seed‐based resting‐state functional connectivity (RSFC) analyses revealed that a decreased long‐range FCD in individuals with high extraversion scores showed a low long‐range functional connectivity pattern between the medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, middle temporal gyrus, and anterior cingulate cortex. This result suggests that decreased RSFC patterns are responsible for self‐esteem, self‐evaluation, and inhibitory behaviour system that account for the modulation and shaping of extraversion. Overall, our results emphasize specific brain hubs, and reveal long‐range functional connections in relation to extraversion, thereby providing a neurobiological basis of extraversion.     

Influence of plastic strain localisation on the mechanical properties of metal matrix composites

The aim of the present study is to reveal the most critical underlying factor influencing the mechanical properties of metal matrix composites (MMCs). It is shown that the mechanical properties of MMCs are essentially governed by the degree of strain localisation during plastic deformation. In other words, the MMCs exhibit superior mechanical performance only if the strain localisation is obviously inhibited and the accumulated stresses can be effectively transferred out. The work provides a new perspective in guiding the design of next-generation high-performance MMCs by suppressing the strain localisation as far as possible.     

神经性厌食症的家庭治疗--西方关于神经性厌食症心理治疗的新进展

弗洛伊德关于家庭和心理性别发展的论述给神经性厌食症的理解、分析与治疗带来了新的关注焦点,在其之后的学者将他的思想进一步继承和发展,创造出了以家庭为关注对象的且在当代得到广泛应用的系统家庭疗法,并将该疗法应用到了神经性厌食症的诊断与治疗中,取得了开创性的成果.     

我们需要什么样的行业组织——以英国医疗辩护联盟为借鉴

医疗辩护联盟成功扮演着作为行业组织的中介角色、管理者和服务者角色。我国应以医疗辩护联盟为摹写蓝本,重新定位和构建医疗行业组织。     

Measuring the personality of Chinese: QZPS versus NEO PI-R

The response patterns of Chinese subjects to the items and facets of NEO Personality Inventory Revised (NEO PI-R) were investigated. The Big Five-factor structure underlying this instrument was not found, while a seven-factor structure, more recently proposed to represent the Chinese personality, emerged. A cross-cultural strategy was adopted to analyze these results and mechanisms through which culture influences personality, behavioral categories and specific behaviors were proposed. The results showed that the Big Seven model of Chinese personality was stable and Western personality questionnaires could not accurately measure the personality characteristics of the Chinese.     

基本人权保障与智障者节育手术开展可能性讨论——着眼“南通儿童福利院智障少女子宫切除事件”分析

分析国内外智障者节育手术多年实践提炼出共识:遵循法律规定开展此手术有利于保障而非侵害智障者基本人权。建议我国应出台相关规定为合法开展此类手术提供保障。     

药价“虚高”:成因、结果分析与对策探讨

药品价格“虚高”已成为近年来药品市场中的一个突出问题。通过考量药价“虚高”的成因,并从实证的角度分析药价“虚高”的结果———“有效需求人数”和“消费者剩余”的减少,提出一些建议。     

中国人人格七因素量表(QZPS-SF)的信度与效度

本研究的目的是依据中国人人格量表（QZPS）编制一份能够迅速测查人格七个维度的短式七因素量表（QZPS—SF）。根据6000余名被试对QZPS的215个项目的评定分数,通过因素分析确定了七个因素、与QZPS的七个因素对应构成了QZPS—SF。通过被试的自我评定以及他人评定和特殊群体被试（精神分裂症病人、吸毒者以及罪犯）的人格特点比较,显示了QZPS—SF有着良好的信度和效度。文中还对QZPS—SF的应用范围以及注意事项进行了讨论。