Michele Vecchione  Shalom H. Schwartz  Gian Vittorio Caprara  Harald Schoen  Jan Cieciuch  Jo Silvester  Paul Bain  Gabriel Bianchi  Hasan Kirmanoglu  Cem Baslevent  Catalin Mamali  Jorge Manzi  Vassilis Pavlopoulos  Tetyana Posnova  Claudio Torres  Markku Verkasalo  Jan‐Erik Lönnqvist  Eva Vondráková  Christian Welzel  Guido Alessandri 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2015,106(1):84-106

Using data from 28 countries in four continents, the present research addresses the question of how basic values may account for political activism. Study (N = 35,116) analyses data from representative samples in 20 countries that responded to the 21‐item version of the Portrait Values Questionnaire (PVQ‐21) in the European Social Survey. Study (N = 7,773) analyses data from adult samples in six of the same countries (Finland, Germany, Greece, Israel, Poland, and United Kingdom) and eight other countries (Australia, Brazil, Chile, Italy, Slovakia, Turkey, Ukraine, and United States) that completed the full 40‐item PVQ. Across both studies, political activism relates positively to self‐transcendence and openness to change values, especially to universalism and autonomy of thought, a subtype of self‐direction. Political activism relates negatively to conservation values, especially to conformity and personal security. National differences in the strength of the associations between individual values and political activism are linked to level of democratization.  相似文献   

    

Michele Roccato  Alessio Vieno  Silvia Russo 《欧洲人格杂志》2014,28(1):14-24

We performed a multilevel, multinational test of Stenner's model on authoritarianism using the 2008 European Values Survey dataset (N = 55 199, nested in 38 nations). We focussed on the effects exerted on four authoritarian manifestations (racial intolerance, political intolerance, negative attitudes towards immigrants, and moral intolerance) by the cross‐level interaction between participants' authoritarian predispositions (assessed in terms of childrearing values) and their country's crime rate. Associations between authoritarian predispositions and racial intolerance, political intolerance, negative attitudes towards immigrants, and moral intolerance were significantly stronger among participants living in countries characterised by high crime rates than those among participants living in countries with low crime rates. Limitations, implications, and future directions of this study are discussed. Copyright © 2013 European Association of Personality Psychology.  相似文献   

    

Vecchione M  Alessandri G  Barbaranelli C  Caprara G 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》2011,102(3):478-498

The Big Five Model of personality and Schwartz's theory of basic values are two prominent taxonomies that offer a convenient way to organize the major individual differences in, respectively, personality traits and personal values. Both taxonomies provide a hierarchical framework, whose components can be traced back to a smaller number of broader dimensions. The current study investigated the relationship between the two superordinate factors of personality encompassing the Big Five dimensions (alpha and beta) and the four higher-level value types from Schwartz's theory (Self-transcendence, Self-enhancement, Conservation, and Openness to change). To examine the relations between higher-order traits and values, we relied on factor analysis and multidimensional scaling. Results indicated that alpha and beta were differently related to the Conservation versus Openness to change dimension. Alpha was positively related to values that emphasize protecting stability and respecting norms and traditions, and negatively related to values emphasizing receptiveness to change and independence of thought, feeling, and action. The opposite pattern of relations was found for beta.  相似文献   

    

Chiara Pazzagli  Loredana Laghezza  Michele Capurso  Ciro Sommella  Franco Lelli  Claudia Mazzeschi 《Infant mental health journal》2015,36(1):62-74

  相似文献   

    

Michele Dillon 《Journal for the scientific study of religion》2014,53(1):1-16

Political commentators tend to assume that Americans who share a particular religious affiliation think similarly about values issues and that values questions are aligned. Although religious affiliation is a strong predictor of attitudes toward abortion and gay rights, there is differentiation within denominational subgroups with respect to both; for example, while majorities of mainline Protestants and Catholics favor gay marriage, many of their respective co‐religionists do not. Further, aggregate survey data shows asynchrony in within‐group attitudes on abortion and gay rights; for example, whereas Hispanic Catholics are more likely to support gay marriage than legal abortion, black Protestants are more likely to support legal abortion than gay marriage. Abortion and gay equality are discrete issues and give rise to divergent attitudes based on the lived reality of different ethnoreligious groups. These findings challenge the utility of the construct of the “values voter,” and underscore that abortion and gay rights should be recognized as separate public policy domains.  相似文献   

    

Amy L. Kenzer  Michele R. Bishop  Arthur E. Wilke  Jonathan R. Tarbox 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2013,46(3):689-694

  相似文献   

    

Wallace MD  Knights DJ 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2003,36(1):125-128

We conducted and compared both brief and extended functional analyses of disruptive behaviors for 3 individuals with developmental disabilities who attended a vocational training program. Results demonstrated that the brief assessment identified the function of 2 of the 3 participants' disruptive behavior compared to the extended assessment.  相似文献   

    

Wallace MD  Doney JK  Mintz-Resudek CM  Tarbox RS 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2004,37(1):89-92

The present study examined the use of an instructional workshop for training educators to conduct functional analyses. Results indicated that 2 of 3 participants met the accuracy criterion following group training, whereas 1 participant required direct verbal feedback. During generalization probes, one participant accurately conducted sessions with a student in her classroom.  相似文献   

    

Vecchione M  González Castro JL  Caprara GV 《International journal of psychology》2011,46(4):259-270

Relations between voting choice and similarity in traits between voters and political candidates are examined in two studies. The first study was conducted in Spain, where the personalities of Mariano Rajoy and José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero were assessed. The second study was conducted in Italy, where the politicians assessed were Walter Veltroni and Silvio Berlusconi. Results show in both cases a similarity between voters' self-reported personality and their appraisals of the leaders of the party for which they voted. Similarity is generally higher with respect to traits that are the most distinctive for each platform and its leader. The findings show a higher similarity between voters and their leaders on the markers of agreeableness, such as \"loyal\" and \"sincere.\" Findings hold across countries and political figures, demonstrating the role that personal characteristics of both voters and candidates play in orienting political preference.  相似文献   

    

Gianvittorio Caprara  Michele Vecchione  Shalom H. Schwartz 《Asian Journal of Social Psychology》2009,12(2):82-94

Two studies use the Five Factor Model of traits and Schwartz's (1992 ) theory of basic personal values to assess the mediational role of values in linking traits to voting choice and left-right ideology. Both left- and right-wing voters showed distinctive traits and values that were congruent with their ideologies. Structural equation modelling supported a hypothesized full mediation model. Individuals' traits of openness, conscientiousness and agreeableness explained significant variance in the politically relevant values of security and universalism, and these self-reported values, in turn, explained the voters' political orientations. These findings held across age (adolescents and adults) and were corroborated using both cross-sectional and longitudinal data.  相似文献