Changes in affect interrelations as a function of stressful events

This paper examines the proposition that stress shrinks affective space, increasing the inverse correlation between positive affect (PA) and negative affect (NA). The experience sampling method was used to record the levels of PA and NA and stress reported by white-collar employees 10 times a day for 5 days. These data were subjected to hierarchical linear modelling to determine whether the relationship between affective states becomes increasingly inverse as a function of stress, as predicted by Zautra, Potter, and Reich (1997). Caution was taken to address measurement issues that have been raised in recent debates over the independence of PA and NA, and a contingency analysis was also used to supplement the linear modelling approach. Both types of analyses revealed evidence consistent with the hypothesis that the degree to which PA and NA are inversely related varies with the level of stress.     

Without Reason?

The argument for modal collapse is partly responsible for the widespread rejection of the so‐called Principle of Sufficient Reason (PSR) in recent times. This paper discusses the PSR against the background of the recent debate about grounding and develops principled reasons for rejecting the argument from modal collapse.     

Housing insecurity and intersecting social determinants of health among transgender people in the USA: A targeted ethnography

Abstract

Background: Housing is an important social determinant of health (SDOH). Transgender people face a unique blend of discrimination and compromised social services, putting them at risk for housing insecurity and associated public health concerns.

Aims: This targeted ethnography explores housing insecurity as a SDOH among transgender people in the U.S.

Methods: In-depth interviews were conducted with transgender people (n?=?41) throughout the U.S.A., identified through purposive sampling. A semi-structured guide was used to elicit personal stories and peer accounts of insecure housing experiences and coping strategies. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed. Data was coded, sorted, and analyzed for key themes.

Results: Responses revealed pervasive housing insecurity and inter-related challenges. Respondents discussed how intersecting identities create unique constellations of vulnerability, which “intersect like a star.” Financial insecurity and interpersonal rejection were lead housing insecurity causes, often resulting in psychological strain, which was sometimes addressed with substances and sexual risk-taking. These factors were cyclically accompanied by financial and employment insecurity and a cascade of unmet social needs. Social support facilitated coping.

Discussion: Findings support increasing transgender housing security intervention resources that address intersecting and cyclical discrimination, trauma, housing, employment, and health issues.