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231.
Livingstone AG Spears R Manstead AS Bruder M Shepherd L 《Emotion (Washington, D.C.)》2011,11(4):754-767
Building on intergroup emotion research, we test the idea that intergroup emotion influences self-categorization. We report two studies using minimal (Study 1) and natural (Study 2) groups in which we measured participants' emotional reactions to a group-relevant event before manipulating the emotional reactions of other ingroup members and outgroup members (anger vs. happiness in Study 1; anger vs. indifference in Study 2). Results supported the hypotheses that (a) the fit between participants' own emotional reactions and the reactions of ingroup members would influence self-categorization, and (b) the specific content of emotional reactions would shape participants' willingness to engage in collective action. This willingness was greater when emotional reactions were not only shared with other group members, but were of anger (consistent with group-based action) rather than happiness or indifference (inconsistent with group-based action). Implications for the relationship between emotion and social identities are discussed. 相似文献
232.
A 12-Point Circumplex Structure of Core Affect 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Core Affect is a state accessible to consciousness as a single simple feeling (feeling good or bad, energized or enervated) that can vary from moment to moment and that is the heart of, but not the whole of, mood and emotion. In four correlational studies (Ns = 535, 190, 234, 395), a 12-Point Affect Circumplex (12-PAC) model of Core Affect was developed that is finer grained than previously available and that integrates major dimensional models of mood and emotion. Self-report scales in three response formats were cross-validated for Core Affect felt during current and remembered moments. A technique that places any external variable into the 12-PAC showed that 29 of 38 personality scales and 30 of 30 mood scales are significantly related to Core Affect, but not in a way that revealed its basic dimensions. 相似文献
233.
Although work-family research has mushroomed over the past several decades, an implementation gap persists in putting work-family research into practice. Because of this, work-family researchers have not made a significant impact in improving the lives of employees relative to the amount of research that has been conducted. The goal of this article is to clarify areas where implementation gaps between work-family research and practice are prevalent, discuss the importance of reducing these gaps, and make the case that both better and different research should be conducted. We recommend several alternative but complementary actions for the work-family researcher: (a) work with organizations to study their policy and practice implementation efforts, (b) focus on the impact of rapid technological advances that are blurring work-family boundaries, (c) conduct research to empower the individual to self-manage the work-family interface, and (d) engage in advocacy and collaborative policy research to change institutional contexts and break down silos. Increased partnerships between industrial-organizational (I-O) psychology practitioners and researchers from many industries and disciplines could break down silos that we see as limiting development of the field. 相似文献
234.
Routine assessment of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) can be time consuming and burdensome for a person with stroke.
Therefore the aim of this study was to develop and test a brief instrument for assessing HRQoL among people with stroke. The
Quality of Life after Stroke Scale (QLASS) was constructed from items within the Quality of Life Index-Stroke Version and
the Chronic Respiratory Disease Questionnaire. It was administered to 92 people with stroke at three points in time: immediately
after discharge from hospital, 6 months and 12 months later. Results suggest that the QLASS has 19 items which represent three
factors: emotional functioning, mastery and fatigue which correlate with valid measures of health status and activities of
daily living. The QLASS is proposed as a brief, valid HRQoL tool for use among people with stroke. 相似文献
235.
Rispoli M O'Reilly M Lang R Machalicek W Davis T Lancioni G Sigafoos J 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2011,44(1):187-192
The current study examined the effects of motivating operations on problem behavior and academic engagement for 2 students with autism. Classroom sessions were preceded by periods in which the participants had access or no access to the items functionally related to their problem behavior. Results suggested that presession access may result in lower levels of problem behavior and higher levels of academic engagement during classroom instruction. 相似文献
236.
Lang R Regester A Mulloy A Rispoli M Botout A 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2011,44(3):623-628
We evaluated a behavioral intervention for a 9-year-old girl with selective mutism. The intervention consisted of role play and video self-modeling. The frequency of spoken initiations, responses to questions, and communication breakdowns was measured during three social situations (i.e., ordering in a restaurant, meeting new adults, and playing with new children) and in three community settings. Results demonstrated increases in spoken initiations and responses and decreases in communication breakdowns across all situations and settings. 相似文献
237.
Existing research applying the personal wellbeing index (PWI) in China is restricted to urban and rural samples. There are
no studies for Chinese off-farm migrants. The specific aims of this study are: (a) ascertain whether Chinese off-farm are
satisfied with their lives; (b) investigate the equivalence of the PWI in terms of its psychometric properties; and (c) examine
whether the responses to the PWI from participants falls within the normative range predicted by the Theory of Subjective
Wellbeing Homeostasis. The PWI demonstrated good psychometric performance in terms of its reliability and validity and was
consistent with previous studies for Western and non-Western samples. The data revealed a moderate level of subjective well-being
(PWI score = 62.6). While Chinese off-farm migrants lead hard lives, the PWI was within the normative range predicted for
Chinese societies by the Theory of Subjective Wellbeing Homeostasis. A likely explanation for this finding rests with the
circular nature of migration in China. When China’s off-farm migrants find it too difficult to cope in the cities, most have
the fallback position that they can return to their homes in the countryside. This option provides an external buffer to minimize
the inherent challenges of life which would otherwise impinge on the life satisfaction of China’s off-farm migrants. 相似文献
238.
Two studies (N = 68, ages 2;0-3;11; N = 80, ages 2;6-4;11) explore the idea that, rather than starting with a separate mental category for each discrete emotion, children start with two broad categories (positive and negative) and then differentiate within each until adult-like categories form. Children generated emotion labels for (a) facial expressions or (b) stories about an emotion's cause and consequence. Emotions included were happiness, anger, fear, sadness, and disgust. Both conditions yielded the predicted pattern of differentiation. These studies of younger children found the face more powerful in eliciting correct emotion labels than had prior research, which typically relied on older preschoolers. 相似文献
239.
Bouton ME Frohardt RJ Sunsay C Waddell J Morris RW 《Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes》2008,34(2):223-236
Four experiments with rats studied the effects of switching the context after Pavlovian conditioning. In three conditioned suppression experiments, a large number of conditioning trials created "inhibition with reinforcement" (IWR), in which fear of the conditional stimulus (CS) reached a maximum and then declined despite continued CS-unconditional stimulus pairings. When IWR occurred, a context switch augmented fear of the CS; IWR and augmentation were highly correlated. Neither IWR nor augmentation resulted from inhibition of delay (IOD): In conditioned suppression, IWR and augmentation occurred without IOD (Experiment 3), and in appetitive conditioning (Experiment 4), IOD occurred without IWR or augmentation. IWR may occur in conditioned suppression because the animal adapts to fear of the CS in a context-specific manner. The authors discuss several implications. 相似文献
240.
Daniel C. Russell 《The Southern journal of philosophy》2008,46(2):299-315
Virtue ethicists sometimes say that a right action is what a virtuous person would do, characteristically, in the circumstances. But some have objected recently that right action cannot be defined as what a virtuous person would do in the circumstances because there are circumstances in which a right action is possible but in which no virtuous person would be found. This objection moves from the premise that a given person ought to do an action that no virtuous person would do, to the conclusion that the action is a right action. I demon‐strate that virtue ethicists distinguish “ought” from “right” and reject the assumption that “ought” implies “right.” I then show how their rejection of that assumption blocks this “right but not virtuous” objection. I conclude by showing how the thesis that “ought” does not imply “right” can clarify a further dispute in virtue ethics regarding whether “ought” implies “can.” 相似文献