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111.
112.
The present work sets out to study the internal structure of the Torrance Test of Creative Thinking (TTCT) and to establish standardised scores that will enable the test to be used in both a diagnostic and educational context. 649 students (319 girls and 330 boys), aged 5 to 12 years from various schools in Murcia and Alicante (SE Spain), took part in the study. The findings suggest that the psychometric characteristics of TTCT are satisfactory, and its internal structure can be attributed to three factors that are responsible for a high percentage of the variance (73.8%). The standardised score tables, which are provided for first time in this context, will be useful in the evaluation of creativity and the identification of students with high intellectual abilities. 相似文献
113.
Cristina Botella Veronica Guillen Rosa M. Banos Azucena García-Palacios Maria J. Gallego Mariano Alcaniz 《Cognitive and behavioral practice》2007,14(1):46-57
This work presents a self-help, Internet-based telepsychology program for the treatment of public speaking fears. The system is comprised of 3 parts: The assessment protocol gives the patient information about his or her problem (i.e., amount of interference it creates in his or her life, severity, degree of fear and avoidance). The system also includes a structured treatment protocol, organized into separate blocks, reflecting the patient’s progress. This ensures that the patient does not skip any steps in the treatment (something quite common in traditional self-help manuals), which provides more control over the process. The treatment protocol is a cognitive-behavioral program that provides exposure to the feared situation using videos of real audiences. Finally, the control protocol assesses treatment efficacy, not only at closure, but also at every intermediate step. Efficacy data from 12 social phobia patients are presented from pretreatment to posttreatment and at 1-month follow-up. These preliminary data support the efficacy of our telepsychology program for the treatment of fear of public speaking. This is a preliminary work in a promising research path that examines the possibility of using the Internet for the treatment of psychological disorders. 相似文献
114.
The goal of this work was to analyze the social representations that women of three different age groups had about aging, rejuvenating, and methods of rejuvenation. The research was performed in S?o Paulo between 2004 and 2005. The participants of this research were three groups of women of different ages: 19 to 24 years, 25 to 35 years, and over 60 years. The data were collected by the focus group technique. Data was analyzed using the lexical analysis software ALCESTE 4.5. The main results show a social representation of aging centered on losses and gains. The subjects appraised the possibility of using rejuvenating methods only when it was extremely necessary, because of the health risks that most of them involve. The three groups agreed about natural methods of rejuvenating instead of resorting to invasive methods. 相似文献
115.
Aguado L García-Gutierrez A Castañeda E Saugar C 《The Spanish journal of psychology》2007,10(2):209-217
Priming of affective word evaluation by pictures of faces showing positive and negative emotional expressions was investigated in two experiments that used a double task procedure where participants were asked to respond to the prime or to the target on different trials. The experiments varied between-subjects the prime task assignment and the prime-target interval (SOA, stimulus onset asynchrony). Significant congruency effects (that is, faster word evaluation when prime and target had the same valence than when they were of opposite valence) were observed in both experiments. When the prime task oriented the subjects to an affectively irrelevant property of the faces (their gender), priming was observed at SOA 300 ms but not at SOA 1000 ms (Experiment 1). However, when the prime task assignment explicitly oriented the subjects to the valence of the face, priming was observed at both SOA durations (Experiment 2). These results show, first, that affective priming by pictures of facial emotion can be obtained even when the subject has an explicit goal to process a non-affective property of the prime. Second, sensitivity of the priming effect to SOA duration seems to depend on whether it is mediated by intentional or unintentional activation of the valence of the face prime. 相似文献
116.
117.
In tool use, the intended external goals have to be transformed into bodily movements by taking into account the target-to-movement
mapping implemented by the tool. In bimanual tool use, this mapping may depend on the part of the tool that is operated and
the effector used (e.g. the left and right hand at the handle bar moving in opposite directions in order to generate the same
bicycle movement). In our study, we investigated whether participants represent the behaviour of the tool or only the effector-specific
mapping when using two-handed tools. In three experiments, participants touched target locations with a two-jointed lever,
using either the left or the right hand. In one condition, the joint of the lever was constant and switching between hands
was associated with switching the target-to-movement-mapping, whereas in another condition, switching between hands was associated
with switching the joint, but the target-to-movement-mapping remained constant. Results indicate pronounced costs of switching
hands in the condition with constant joint, whereas they were smaller with constant target-to-movement mapping. These results
suggest that participants have tool-independent representations of the effector-specific mappings.
相似文献
Arvid HerwigEmail: |
118.
Luisa Sartori Cristina Becchio Bruno G. Bara Umberto Castiello 《Consciousness and cognition》2009,18(3):766-772
The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of communicative intention on action. In Experiment 1 participants were requested to reach towards an object, grasp it, and either simply lift it (individual condition) or lift it with the intent to communicate a meaning to a partner (communicative condition). Movement kinematics were recorded using a three-dimensional motion analysis system. The results indicate that kinematics was sensitive to communicative intention. Although the to-be-grasped object remained the same, movements performed for the ‘communicative’ condition were characterized by a kinematic pattern which differed from those obtained for the ‘individual’ condition. These findings were confirmed in a subsequent experiment in which the communicative condition was compared to a control condition, in which the communicative exchange was prevented. Results are discussed in terms of cognitive pragmatics and current knowledge on how social behavior shapes action kinematics. 相似文献
119.
For tasks with an incompatible stimulus-response mapping, whether the compatible response must be inhibited paradigm for four-choice
tasks with three different incompatible spatial mappings. For a mapping that did not follow a simple rule, reaction time was
lengthened when the corresponding response on the preceding trial became the required response on the current trial, as compared
with when it did not, showing a negative priming effect. However, for mappings that followed a simple rule, negative priming
was not evident. The present study extends this research to a more complex mapping. On the basis of a two-process model adopted
from the negative priming literature, we hypothesized that high mapping complexity should also diminish the negative priming
effect for incompatible mappings, because the balance of cognitive resources is allocated to identification of the correct
response. Two experiments are reported in which mappings of different complexity were used in six-choice spatial tasks. Analyses
of reaction times showed that negative priming diminished with increased mapping complexity, apparently due to increased dominance
of response identification processes, rather than inhibition of the corresponding response. 相似文献
120.