Establishing and Evaluating the Substantive Adequacy of Positive Behavioral Support Plans

The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (2004) renewed the commitment to provide positive behavioral support (PBS) for students that engage in persistent problem behavior. Behavior intervention plans (also known as PBS plans) serve as legal documents that help guide the implementation of intervention strategies to encourage more positive forms of behavior. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the substantive adequacy of PBS plans developed for special education students. This was accomplished by documenting the content of plans developed by two different groups of educators using a rating instrument based on the key concepts of PBS planning. Results revealed that the majority of plans developed by teams without identified training and expertise in PBS were rated as substantively inadequate, lacking critical information related to effective behavioral support planning. The implications of the results for everyday practice in the schools and directions for future research are discussed.     

A Neuropsychological Normative Database for Lung Transplant Candidates

Psychologists are increasingly asked to make decisions regarding patient candidacy for transplantation. Despite the growing incidence of lung transplantation, normative research regarding cognitive functioning and end-stage obstructive lung disease is lacking. Hence, data are presented on 100 consecutively referred candidates for lung transplantation. The group data suggest essentially normal functioning on most cognitive tests for the majority of transplant candidates. Exceptions were seen on measures of attentional set shifting and short-term visual memory, which were impaired in nearly one fourth of this population. Additionally, one half of the patients displayed deficient performance on the Buschke Selective Reminding Test, with subjects at greater risk for severe rather than mild deficits. Unlike prior research, our group data suggest that there is potential risk of short-term noncontextual verbal memory difficulties because of end-stage pulmonary disease. Personality testing data, e.g., elevations on MMPI-2 scales measuring depression and anxiety, are also discussed.     

童年晚期同伴关系不利与儿童的攻击行为:自我概念与同伴信念的中介作用

采用整群抽样法选取1806名小学儿童(平均年龄11.27±0.36岁)为被试,考察同伴拒绝、侵害两种同伴关系不利与儿童攻击行为间的关系、以及儿童的自我概念与同伴信念在其中的中介作用.结果发现,(1)同伴拒绝、侵害与儿童的身体攻击、关系攻击显著正相关,与儿童的自我概念、同伴信念显著负相关,自我概念、同伴信念与两类攻击显著相关.(2)同伴拒绝、关系侵害对身体攻击和关系攻击具有正向预测作用;身体侵害仅对身体攻击具有正向预测作用,对关系攻击无显著影响.(3)儿童的身体自我概念、社交自我概念及同伴信念在同伴拒绝、同伴侵害与攻击的联系中具有中介作用.本研究结果表明,同伴拒绝对儿童的身体攻击、关系攻击主要表现为直接效应,不同类型的侵害经历与儿童攻击间的联系存在类型特定性.     

不同透析类型对尿毒症患者超敏C-反应蛋白与甲状腺功能的影响

分析不同透析类型对尿毒症患者的超敏C-反应蛋白与甲状腺功能的变化,并探讨其临床意义.对我院肾脏内科2009年10月～2011年6月的尿毒症维持性透析患者进行回顾性分析,20例血液透析(HD)患者为HD治疗组,20例腹膜透析(PD)患者为PD治疗组,20例健康者为正常对照组,各组检测超敏C-反应蛋白(hsCRP)、血清游离T3(FT3)、血清游离甲状腺激素(FT4)、促甲状腺激素(TSH)的含量等指标,分析各组间hsCRP有无差异性,同时分析hsCRP与FT3、FT4、TSH之间有无相关性.与正常对照组相比,HD组和PD组FT3、FT4显著降低(P＜0.05),hsCRP显著升高(P＜0.05).FT3和FT4在HD组中和PD组中相比差异无显著统计学意义(P＞0.05).PD组中,TSH水平显著高于HD组与正常对照组(P＜0.05).HD组中,hsCRP与FT3存在着负相关,但在PD组中没有发现此相关性.血液透析患者炎症反应与低FT3综合征有关,腹膜透析患者无此关联性,hsCRP及甲状腺功能检测可能有助于判断尿毒症透析患者的病情及预后.     

放弃治疗的法律和伦理学思考

调查放弃治疗后死亡病案629例,主要病因为恶性肿瘤和脑血管病.目前在临床工作中,对疾病晚期和临终期的患者,放弃治疗已成为家属和患者本人重要的选择之一.医患双方应该尊重医学科学,理性对待放弃治疗,履行双方应尽的义务,维护双方合法权力,维护法律的尊严.医院应该加强管理,正确处理放弃治疗的相关问题,更好地服务于患者和社会.     

A Case of Triple X Syndrome Manifesting with the Syndrome of Nonverbal Learning Disabilities

There has been a relative absence of studies that have examined comprehensively the neuropsychological profiles of females with Triple X Syndrome across a battery of tests and measures. A case is reported of a 9 1/2-year-old female with Triple X Syndrome whose neuropsychological test results were suggestive of greater right- versus left-cerebral hemisphere dysfunction. Overall, the patient's neuropsychological profile was indicative of the syndrome of Nonverbal Learning Disabilities (NLD) as proposed by Rourke (Rourke 1987, 1988, 1995; Rourke & Tsatsanis, 1996). The results are discussed in light of Rourke's NLD Syndrome and the related white matter model.     

认知灵活性对非熟练双语者语言转换的影响--一项ERPs研究*

采用 WCST 筛选出高低认知灵活性的非熟练汉英双语者,分别使用图片命名和语义范畴判断任务考察认知灵活性对双语者语言转换的影响。结果发现：(1)高认知灵活性被试的双语转换代价是对称的,其N2成分的平均波幅和峰值显著大于低认知灵活性被试,低认知灵活性被试的转换代价是非对称的;(2)高认知灵活性被试在语言产生任务中, L2重复条件下N2的峰值显著大于L1重复条件,出现L2重复优势效应;(3)在语言理解任务中,高低认知灵活性被试在L1重复条件下的N2峰值显著大于L2重复条件,两组均出现了L1重复优势效应。研究表明,抑制控制能力在语言产生与理解的双语转换中起着重要的作用,语言转换代价源于心理词典的字词识别系统之外。     

非那雄胺与前列腺癌发病率及病理分级的Meta分析

应用Meta分析法对有关非那雄胺与前列腺癌发病率及病理分级关系的研究进行综合评价.符合标准的8篇文献进行Meta分析,计算比值比(OR),95%可信区间(95%C1).结果8篇文献,无异质性(Q=6.26,P=0.51),非那雄胺治疗组降低前列腺癌发病风险高于对照组,合并OR值为0.68(95%CI:0.65～0.71,Z=17.16,P=0.00).Egge:检验提示无发表偏倚(P=O.21).对前列腺癌病理分级进行分组,非那雄胺治疗组前高于对照组.合并OR值为2.16(95%CI:1.97～2.36,Z=16.93,P=0.00).非那雄胺治疗前列腺增生能降低前列腺癌的发病风险,也能使发生的前列腺癌的病理级别增高.     

解决"以药养医"问题的演化博弈分析

能否妥善解决"以药养医"问题已经成为保持社会的稳定与和谐、促进经济健康发展亟待解决的社会问题之一.以探讨其经济学原因为起点,以政府和医院作为博弈方进行演化博弈分析,推论出政府与医院之间的互动演化关系,并提出完善医疗体制的融资渠道、发挥电子信息技术优势等政策建议.     

21世纪仍然需要大力弘扬和培育雷锋精神——纪念“向雷锋同志学习”题词发表40周年

新的时代需要雷锋精神,雷锋精神也完全能够同改革开放、发展市场经济,全面建设小康社会,加快社会主义现代化建设,开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面的时代要求结合起来。