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91.
In order to develop an account of scientific rationality, two problems need to be addressed: (i) how to make sense of episodes
of theory change in science where the lack of a cumulative development is found, and (ii) how to accommodate cases of scientific
change where lack of consistency is involved. In this paper, we sketch a model of scientific rationality that accommodates
both problems. We first provide a framework within which it is possible to make sense of scientific revolutions, but which
still preserves some (partial) relations between old and new theories. The existence of these relations help to explain why
the break between different theories is never too radical as to make it impossible for one to interpret the process in perfectly
rational terms. We then defend the view that if scientific theories are taken to be quasi-true, and if the underlying logic
is paraconsistent, it’s perfectly rational for scientists and mathematicians to entertain inconsistent theories without triviality.
As a result, as opposed to what is demanded by traditional approaches to rationality, it’s not irrational to entertain inconsistent
theories. Finally, we conclude the paper by arguing that the view advanced here provides a new way of thinking about the foundations
of science. In particular, it extends in important respects both coherentist and foundationalist approaches to knowledge,
without the troubles that plague traditional views of scientific rationality. 相似文献
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Costas Moragas C Fornieles Deu A Botet Mussons F Boatella Costa E de Cáceres Zurita ML 《Psicothema》2007,19(1):140-149
This study analyses the data obtained from a sample of 220 healthy full-term neonates evaluated with the Neonatal Behavioral Assessment Scale, NBAS, 3rd edition. Standard scores were obtained for each of the 35 behavioral items and analysis of the main components of all the clusters was performed. Similarly to the original scale, the five following factors were obtained: Autonomic and Motor Systems, Habituation, State Organization, State Regulation, and Social Interactive. The analysis of the reliability of these groupings reveals that it is between moderate and high (the average Cronbach's alpha coefficient was .78). 相似文献
94.
Ronald R. Holden Rui C. Campos Ana Simões Sara Costa Ana Sofia Pio Christine E. Lambert 《International journal of psychology》2020,55(6):926-935
Across two countries and two languages, this research examined the multidimensional associations between suicidality (e.g., past ideation/attempts, communication of intent) and empirically important psychological risk factors (e.g., mental pain, perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belongingness). For samples of 228 Canadian and 331 Portuguese university undergraduates, four dimensions emerged in each sample with two of these, intrapersonal and interpersonal, demonstrating strong replicability across countries and languages. It was concluded that suicidality is a phenomenon that demonstrates some multidimensional similarities across cultures. 相似文献
95.
Pina Filippello Neil Harrington Caterina Buzzai Luana Sorrenti Sebastiano Costa 《Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy》2014,32(4):257-278
The aim of the present research was to investigate the relationship between frustration intolerance and emotional-behavioural problems. Specifically, the study explored whether frustration intolerance beliefs were associated with difficulties in assertive behaviour, anxiety, depression, and anger in a non-clinical student sample (N = 250). For this purpose an Italian version of the Frustration Discomfort Scale (FDS) was developed. The findings supported a multidimensional model of frustration intolerance and the relationship between specific frustration intolerance beliefs and emotional-behavioural problems. Regarding unhealthy emotions, structural equation modeling (SEM) analyses (model A) indicated that discomfort intolerance and emotional intolerance had a significant relationship with state anxiety, trait anxiety, and depression. The discomfort intolerance and entitlement sub-scales had a significant relationship with state anger and trait anger, while entitlement directly predicted trait anger. Regarding assertiveness, SEM analyses (model B) indicated that emotional intolerance had a significant relationship with distress when being assertive. More generally, the FDS full scale score (model C) was significantly related to unhealthy emotions and (model D) unassertive behaviour (distress). The present study provided evidence of the cross-cultural applicability of the FDS. 相似文献
96.
Rab MacIver Neil Anderson Ana‐Cristina Costa Arne Evers 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2014,22(2):149-164
This paper introduces the concept of user validity and provides a new perspective on the validity of interpretations from tests. Test interpretation is based on outputs such as test scores, profiles, reports, spreadsheets of multiple candidates' scores, etc. The user validity perspective focuses on the interpretations a test user makes given the purpose of the test and the information provided in the test output. This innovative perspective focuses on how user validity can be extended to content, criterion, and to some extent construct‐related validity. It provides a basis for researching the validity of interpretations and an improved understanding of the appropriateness of different approaches to score interpretation, as well as how to design test outputs and assessments that are pragmatic and optimal. 相似文献
97.
Aims: The present study investigates beliefs, attitudes and practices of 101 monolingual and multilingual therapists in their interactions with multilingual patients. Method: A mixed‐method approach was adopted using an online questionnaire with closed questions, and informed questions in interviews with one monolingual and two multilingual therapists. Results: A principal component analysis yielded a four‐factor solution accounting for 41% of the variance. The first dimension, which explained 17% of variance, reflects therapists' attunement towards their bilingual patients (attunement versus collusion). Further analysis showed that the 18 monolingual therapists differed significantly from their 83 bi‐ or multilingual peers on this dimension. The follow‐up interviews confirmed this result. Discussion: Recommendations based on these findings are made for psychotherapy training and supervision. 相似文献
98.
Ana Paula Soares José Carlos Medeiros Alberto Simões João Machado Ana Costa Álvaro Iriarte José João de Almeida Ana P. Pinheiro Montserrat Comesaña 《Behavior research methods》2014,46(1):240-253
In this article, we introduce ESCOLEX, the first European Portuguese children’s lexical database with grade-level-adjusted word frequency statistics. Computed from a 3.2-million-word corpus, ESCOLEX provides 48,381 word forms extracted from 171 elementary and middle school textbooks for 6- to 11-year-old children attending the first six grades in the Portuguese educational system. Like other children’s grade-level databases (e.g., Carroll, Davies, & Richman, 1971; Corral, Ferrero, & Goikoetxea, Behavior Research Methods, 41, 1009–1017, 2009; Lété, Sprenger-Charolles, & Colé, Behavior Research Methods, Instruments, & Computers, 36, 156–166, 2004; Zeno, Ivens, Millard, Duvvuri, 1995), ESCOLEX provides four frequency indices for each grade: overall word frequency (F), index of dispersion across the selected textbooks (D), estimated frequency per million words (U), and standard frequency index (SFI). It also provides a new measure, contextual diversity (CD). In addition, the number of letters in the word and its part(s) of speech, number of syllables, syllable structure, and adult frequencies taken from P-PAL (a European Portuguese corpus-based lexical database; Soares, Comesaña, Iriarte, Almeida, Simões, Costa, …, Machado, 2010; Soares, Iriarte, Almeida, Simões, Costa, França, …, Comesaña, in press) are provided. ESCOLEX will be a useful tool both for researchers interested in language processing and development and for professionals in need of verbal materials adjusted to children’s developmental stages. ESCOLEX can be downloaded along with this article or from http://p-pal.di.uminho.pt/about/databases. 相似文献
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