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Carly E. McCord Timothy R. Elliott Jack W. Berry Andrea T. Underhill Philip R. Fine Mark H. C. Lai 《Journal of Happiness Studies》2016,17(2):553-567
We studied the predictive impact of proxy “outsider” reports, injury type, and functional independence on trajectories of happiness over the first 5 years following medical treatment for a traumatic spinal cord injury, brain injury, severe burns or inter-articular fractures (total N = 1,271). It was anticipated that lower functional independence and outsider status would predict lower happiness trajectories, with injury type having little effect over time. A measure of functional impairment and the life satisfaction index containing the items that assessed happiness were administered 12, 24, 48, and 60 months post-discharge. Trajectory modeling revealed that lower functional independence significantly predicted lower happiness, regardless of injury type. Outsider reports predicted significantly higher happiness scores than the insiders reported themselves. These differences persisted across time and injury type. Additional analyses found that insider/outsider status accounted for one percent of the variance in happiness scores and functional independence accounted for twenty percent of the variance. Moreover, for all injury groups, there was no evidence for changes in happiness trajectories over time. Outsider accounts differ significantly from insider estimations of variables of positive adjustment accounts but explain little variation in the reports of happiness overall and still have practical and clinical value as secondary sources of information about positive emotional experiences, particularly when reports from the “insider” are not possible. 相似文献
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Margaret Semrud-Clikeman Jodene Goldenring Fine Jesse Bledsoe 《Child neuropsychology》2016,22(3):318-335
Social perception is an important underlying foundation for emotional development and overall adaptation. The majority of studies with children with High Functioning Autism (HFA) or nonverbal learning disabilities (NLD) evaluating social functioning have used measures of parent and/or teacher ratings. The present study utilized parent and teacher ratings of behavior as well as executive functioning in addition to direct measures of social perception. Three groups participated in this study (control [n = 38] HFA [n = 36], NLD [n = 31]). Results indicated that the HFA group experienced the most difficulty understanding emotional cues on the direct measure while both the HFA and NLD groups experienced difficulty with nonverbal cues. Significant difficulties were reported on the parent rating scale for sadness and social withdrawal for both clinical groups. Executive functioning was found to be particularly problematic for the clinical groups. The direct social perception measure was highly correlated with the measures of executive functioning and reflects the contribution that executive functions have on social functioning. These findings suggest that the clinical presentation on behavior rating scales may be very similar for children with HFA and NLD. Moreover, it appears that measures of executive functioning are sensitive to the clinical difficulties these groups experience. The findings also suggest there is a commonality in these disorders that warrants further investigation. 相似文献
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Fixational eye movements are not an index of covert attention 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The debate about the nature of fixational eye movements has revived recently with the claim that microsaccades reflect the direction of attentional shifts. A number of studies have shown an association between the direction of attentional cues and the direction of microsaccades. We sought to determine whether microsaccades in attentional tasks are causally related to behavior. Is reaction time (RT) faster when microsaccades point toward the target than when they point in the opposite direction? We used a dual-Purkinje-image eyetracker to measure gaze position while 3 observers (2 of the authors, 1 naive observer) performed an attentional cuing task under three different response conditions: saccadic localization, manual localization, and manual detection. Critical trials were those on which microsaccades moved away from the cue. On these trials, RTs were slower when microsaccades were oriented toward the target than when they were oriented away from the target. We obtained similar results for direction of drift. Cues, not fixational eye movements, predicted behavior. 相似文献
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Popular music is an artifact of folklore that can provide a keen insight into societal complexity. As a window with minimal
censorship, it allows access to a subgroup whose motifs are often obfuscated from within and without by defensive and self
righteous distortions. Music is a primary source depicting the strivings and failings of a culture or its tributaries. An
overview is offered of the American social historical context of substance abuse, as it informs the theory of ego atrophy
to conceptualize addiction. In this study, it is appealed to as an aid in the elaboration of addictive behavior. Adjunctively,
major themes in movie pictures are referenced as parallel, albeit less refined, indices of stereotype in the culture. Together
with societal laws and mores, these markers point to a specific behavioral and value system that typifies the ego of the substance
abuser. 相似文献
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