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641.
In an RT (reaction time) task involving responding to infrequent, regular signals, extraverts produced higher proportions of missed signals and lengthened RT's than introverts did. This result was only obtained after some time on task and is evidence that inhibitory states are formed more rapidly in extraverted subjects under low stimulation conditions. In a more extended version of the task, mean RT was found to be longer in extraverted than introverted subjects in the second half of the experiment though there was no significant difference between the groups in the first half. These findings are complementary to data from previous studies showing that extraverts generate stronger inhibitory potential in continuous responding tasks, or that their characteristic arousal level may be lower than that of introverted subjects. The need to distinguish between the different explanatory constructs is discussed and a simple model amalgamating the major theoretical positions is outlined. 相似文献
642.
William E. Cooper 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1974,16(2):201-204
A contingent adaptation effect is reported for speech perception. Experiments were conducted to test the effects of an alternating sequence of two adapting syllables, [da] and [thi], on the perception of two series of synthetic speech syllables, [ba]-[pha] and [bi]-[phi]. Each of the test series consisted of 11 stimuli varying in voice onset time, a cue which distinguishes voiced from voiceless stop consonants in word-initial position. The [da]-[thi] adapting sequence produced opposite shifts in the loci of the phonetic boundaries for the two test series. For the [ba]-[pha] series, listeners made fewer identification responses to the [b] category after adaptation, while for the [bi]-[phi] series, listeners made more responses to the [b] category. The opposing shifts indicate that the perceptual analysis of voicing in stop consonants is carried out with respect to vowel environment. 相似文献
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646.
Little is known about the relationship between the variability of moods and the tendency to experience depressed mood. The
moods of twenty-five student subjects were measured over a period of some 30 days using scales assessing positive affect and
negative affect. An index of mood variability was computed. This was correlated with two measures of average level of depression.
The results showed a strong correlation between variability of moods and level of depression. High levels of mood variability
accompanied high levels of depressive state in this nonclinical sample. 相似文献
647.
Jennifer J. McComas Ph.D. David P. Wacker Ph.D. Linda J. Cooper Ph.D. 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1996,6(2):191-201
We evaluated the effects of specific stimulus prompts on accuracy of academic performance with adolescents who displayed academic problems in a public special education classroom. We conducted analyses of instructional strategies within a multielement design with two students who had mild disabilities. Differential effects of the strategies on reading comprehension were not apparent on demand (independent-level) tasks but were apparent on high-demand (instructional-level) tasks. These results suggested that the application of experimental analysis methodologies to instructional variables may facilitate the identification of stimulus prompts associated with accurate academic performance. 相似文献
648.
M. Wayne Cooper 《Theoretical medicine and bioethics》1994,15(2):149-180
Several recent publications have suggested that hermeneutics, the method of literary criticism, might prove to be useful in medicine. In this essay I consider this thesis with particular attention to the claim that medicine is hermeneutics all the way down. After examining an anti-positivist critique of positivist medicine and arguing that hermeneutic interpretation involves a more radical critique of modern medicine, I examine the supposed consequences of hermeneutical universalism:relativism, skepticism andantirealism which further evaluation reveals to be only potential consequences of hermeneutics. A brief discussion ofphronesis and of the possible texts of medicine concludes the article. 相似文献
649.
This study found that gender differences exist within senior U.K. civil servants. Females within the civil service were significantly more job dissatisfied, and suffered from poorer mental and physical ill health. They also showed more concern about their role at work, the factors associated with their particular job, the job's relationship to the home environment, and the constraints of the job. Males were more affected by how much control they felt they had at work, and by their hard-driving and achievement oriented behavior. 相似文献
650.
P. V. Balakrishnan Martha C. Cooper Varghese S. Jacob Phillip A. Lewis 《Psychometrika》1994,59(4):509-525
Several neural networks have been proposed in the general literature for pattern recognition and clustering, but little empirical comparison with traditional methods has been done. The results reported here compare neural networks using Kohonen learning with a traditional clustering method (K-means) in an experimental design using simulated data with known cluster solutions. Two types of neural networks were examined, both of which used unsupervised learning to perform the clustering. One used Kohonen learning with a conscience and the other used Kohonen learning without a conscience mechanism. The performance of these nets was examined with respect to changes in the number of attributes, the number of clusters, and the amount of error in the data. Generally, theK-means procedure had fewer points misclassified while the classification accuracy of neural networks worsened as the number of clusters in the data increased from two to five.Acknowledgements: Sara Dickson, Vidya Nair, and Beth Means assisted with the neural network analyses. 相似文献