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161.
Source monitoring for valenced materials has received very little attention from researchers interested in the residual effects
that emotion can have on memory. The three previous studies that examined memory for valenced material found a source-monitoring
enhancement effect. By contrast, we used two different combinations of sources and found a novel, consistent source-monitoring
deficit for valenced words as compared with neutral ones. In addition, this memory deficit for contextual details did not
consistently covary with item memory. We assert that it is possible to obtain an effect in which heightened attention toward
valenced material reduces the binding of contextual details into memory. 相似文献
162.
Broaders SC Cook SW Mitchell Z Goldin-Meadow S 《Journal of experimental psychology. General》2007,136(4):539-550
Speakers routinely gesture with their hands when they talk, and those gestures often convey information not found anywhere in their speech. This information is typically not consciously accessible, yet it provides an early sign that the speaker is ready to learn a particular task (S. Goldin-Meadow, 2003). In this sense, the unwitting gestures that speakers produce reveal their implicit knowledge. But what if a learner was forced to gesture? Would those elicited gestures also reveal implicit knowledge and, in so doing, enhance learning? To address these questions, the authors told children to gesture while explaining their solutions to novel math problems and examined the effect of this manipulation on the expression of implicit knowledge in gesture and on learning. The authors found that, when told to gesture, children who were unable to solve the math problems often added new and correct problem-solving strategies, expressed only in gesture, to their repertoires. The authors also found that when these children were given instruction on the math problems later, they were more likely to succeed on the problems than children told not to gesture. Telling children to gesture thus encourages them to convey previously unexpressed, implicit ideas, which, in turn, makes them receptive to instruction that leads to learning. 相似文献
163.
Willeke A Manders William L Cook Johan H L Oud Ron H J Scholte Jan M A M Janssens Eric E J De Bruyn 《Journal of family psychology》2007,21(4):605-613
This article introduces an approach to testing the level validity of family assessment instruments (i.e., whether a family instrument measures family functioning at the level of the system it purports to assess). Two parents and 2 adolescents in 69 families rated the warmth in each of their family relationships and in the family as a whole. Family members' ratings of whole-family warmth assessed family functioning not only at the family level (i.e., characteristics of the family as a whole) but also at the individual level of analysis (i.e., characteristics of family members as raters), indicating a lack of level validity. Evidence was provided for the level validity of a latent variable based on family members' ratings of whole-family warmth. The findings underscore the importance of assessing the level validity of individual ratings of whole-family functioning. 相似文献
164.
Devilly GJ Ciorciari J Piesse A Sherwell S Zammit S Cook F Turton C 《Psychological science》2007,18(3):212-217
The current article presents two studies that aimed to replicate DePrince and Freyd's (2001, 2004) studies demonstrating that high and low dissociators differentially recall neutral and trauma words under conditions of varying cognitive load. We did not find this effect. This lack of replication was apparent for both free recall and word recognition memory and in both studies. In effect, we found little evidence to support betrayal trauma theory, yet observed increased memory fallibility, as demonstrated by lower general recall and (in one study) commission errors, in high dissociators. 相似文献
165.
Marsh RL Hicks JL Cook GI Mayhorn CB 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2007,14(2):168-188
Two experiments with younger and older adults were conducted to investigate the output-monitoring component of event-based prospective memory. In the standard form of the task, participants must remember to press a key when a certain class of items is encountered. To evaluate output monitoring, event-based cues were repeated and participants were asked to press a different key if they could remember that an earlier response was made to a particular cue. Younger adults forgot fewer of their successful responses, but displayed a distinct bias to claim that they had responded earlier when actually they had forgotten to respond. By contrast, older adults displayed this bias much less frequently. Elaborated responding to cues had the effect of improving the performance of younger, but not older adults. The results are discussed in terms of natural repetitions and omission errors that might be made in everyday prospective memory tasks. 相似文献
166.
Cook ED 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2007,7(12):17-9; discussion W1-2
167.
Individuals frequently have to regulate their emotions, especially negative ones, to function successfully. However, deliberate emotion regulation can have significant costs for the individual. Are there less costly ways to achieve emotion regulatory goals? In two studies, we test the hypothesis that more automatic types of emotion regulation might provide the benefits of deliberate emotion regulation without the costs. Study 1 introduces a priming technique that manipulates automatic emotion regulation. Using this priming technique, we show that relative to priming emotion expression, priming emotion control leads to less anger experience in response to a laboratory anger provocation. Study 2 examines the experiential and physiological consequences of automatic emotion regulation. Results suggest that relative to priming emotion expression, priming emotion control reduces negative emotion experience without maladaptive cardiovascular responding. Together, these findings suggest that automatic emotion regulation may provide an effective means of controlling powerful negative emotions. 相似文献
168.
Ronald Levant Katherine Richmond Stephen Cook A. Tanner House Maryse Aupont 《Sex roles》2007,57(5-6):373-383
This study reports on the psychometric properties of the Femininity Ideology Scale (FIS) from the responses of 407 undergraduate
participants in the USA. Factor analysis supported the five factor structure. Cronbach alpha coefficients of the factors and
total scale were adequate. Support for discriminant validity was found after examining the relationship between the FIS and
the Bem Sex Role Inventory, which measures feminine traits. Support for convergent validity was found after examining, first,
with the entire sample, the relationships between the FIS and the Male Role Norm Inventory, and second, with the female sample,
the relationships between the FIS and the Feminist Identity Development Scale. We also found that FIS scores vary in relationship
to the social contextual variables of race/ethnicity and sex. 相似文献
169.
170.
Forgas (1998) reported “on being happy and mistaken,” finding that a happy mood increased the fundamental attribution error (FAE) compared to a sad mood. However, the standard attitude-attribution paradigm used by Forgas might contain demand characteristics, to which happy people might be especially susceptible. In addition, Goldenberg and Forgas (2012) showed that a happy mood decreased a form of the FAE. Using the questioner-contestant paradigm, we replicated Forgas’s result, but only when participants were already having a “good day.” 相似文献