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121.
Two experiments were run to investigate the locus of selectivity in a visual memory task involving differential payoff for letters correctly recalled: Major variables consisted of value instructions given before or after the exposure of a display, the ratio of high to low value, and exposure duration. The results showed that Ss make more correct reports of higher value than of lesser value, whether value instructions are given before or after the display. Furthermore, overall performance and extent of selectivity increase with increasing exposure time, but more for the before than the after conditions of instruction. These results suggest that selectivity occurs both during perception and retention and during recall. 相似文献
122.
William E. Vandament Richard G. Burright Rollin R. Fessenden William H. Barker 《Behavior research methods》1970,2(6):290-296
Tables of sequences of two-class events are presented for use in programming psychological experiments in which behavior on trial n may be a function of the events of trials n ? 1, n ? 2, and/or n ? 3. Various factors related to schedule generation are discussed, i.e., restrictions on trial-block length which accompany sequential balance, interrelationships of trial blocks in the multiblock experiment, relationships between run length and r-tuple occurrences, and alternation behavior. Following a consideration of various methods of schedule generation for the two-class experiment, it was concluded that no method can result in schedules that possess all properties considered desirable in psychological experiments. However, the present sequences allow for sequential balance and analysis, and thus should prove useful in producing schedules in some contexts that are standard with regard to sequential influences. 相似文献
123.
M. B. Sterman J. J. Lynch M. T. Orne D. Paskewitz J. Costello N. Nicolov O. Diankov M. Popova E. Tsvetanska Robert G. Grenell J. J. Izquierdo V. H. Mark Joseph Germana N. Zill William P. Paré Joseph E. O. Newton George C. Offutt Walter Ehrlich Joseph E. D. Newton Julij Tosef J. Perez-Cruet Chester R. Wilpizeski John F. Lontz Andrew Livingston Joseph W. Cullen Samuel A. Corson Herman R. Weed Elizabeth O. Corson O. D. Murphree Paul N. Morgan Ruth Jarman J. Antal T. A. Ban J. V. Ananth H. E. Lehmann A. Ulric Moore Richard H. Barnes Wilson G. Pond 《Integrative psychological & behavioral science》1970,5(3):185-193
124.
Richard Schlegel 《Synthese》1970,21(1):65-82
The statistical aspects of quantum explanation are intrinsic to quantum physics; individual quantum events are created in the interactions associated with observation and are not describable by predictive theory. The superposition principle shows the essential difference between quantum and non-quantum physics, and the principle is exemplified in the classic single-photon two-slit interference experiment. Recently Mandel and Pfleegor have done an experiment somewhat similar to the optical single-photon experiment but with two independently operated lasers; interference is obtained even with beam intensity so small that only one photon is in the apparatus at a time. The result can be understood in terms of the superposition of states; or, in terms of the Uncertainty Principle, which is found to forbid the determination of which of the two lasers is the source of a given photon (if conditions for interference are to obtain). The Mandel-Pfleegor experiment gives a physical argument against the continuous localization of a photon that is assumed in the hidden variable theories and therefore gives further support for the generally accepted view that an observed entity (observed state) is created in the observation event. This aspect of quantum physics implies a subjectivism on the level of individual quantum-level occurrences, since there is in quantum theory no basis for asserting the existence of the event independently of observation of it. Extension of this subjectivism to large scale, non-quantum phenomena falls within the principles of quantum theory; counter considerations that argue against such an extension are noted. 相似文献
125.
Richard D. Gilson 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1969,5(3):181-182
Threshold elevations (TE) were determined at a testsite on the left thigh with the simultaneous presentation of combinations of maskers positioned on the trunk. It was found that the resultant TE from groups of up to 10 multiple maskers is nearly equal to the addition of the TE produced by each masker separately. 相似文献
126.
The study compares the extent to which naturally structured data and artificial, relatively random data (both with the same basic parameters) produce simple structure factors which are uniquely determined. Two examples of unstructured matrices were compared with the ball problem matrix. The results show that an oblique position of maximum hyperplane count in the structured data differs from that in the unstructured by reaching a significantly more unique position in terms of the exactitude with which it is re-discoverable when starting from different positions, and by reaching (at the maximum) a significantly higher hyperplane count. 相似文献
127.
Roger T. Kelleher William C. Riddle Leonard Cook 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1963,6(4):507-517
Squirrel monkeys were trained on a multiple schedule in which 10-min periods on a continuous shock avoidance schedule, indicated by a yellow light, alternated with 10-min periods on a 1.5-min variable interval schedule of food reinforcement (VI 1.5). A white light indicated that VI 1.5 was in effect, except for the middle 2 min of the period on VI 1.5, in which a blue light appeared and terminated with the delivery of a 0.5-sec unavoidable shock. Stable response rates developed in the avoidance and VI 1.5 components. However, the highest response rates occurred in the blue, preshock stimulus. A series of experiments showed that responding in the blue stimulus persisted even when responding had been extinguished on both the VI schedule of food reinforcement and the shock avoidance schedule. Responding in the blue stimulus ceased when the blue stimulus terminated without shock or when it terminated with a response-contingent shock. Each time responding ceased, it was restored by terminating the blue stimulus with an unavoidable shock. When the blue stimulus was on throughout each session and unavoidable shocks were delivered at regular 10-min intervals, responding was well maintained. These results show that in monkeys that have been trained on a continuous avoidance schedule, unavoidable shocks can maintain responding even under conditions where responses have no programmed consequences. 相似文献
128.
Changeover delay and concurrent schedules: some effects on relative performance measures 总被引:16,自引:16,他引:0
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Richard L. Shull Stanley S. Pliskoff 《Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior》1967,10(6):517-527
The pigeon and the rat partition total response output between both schedules of a concurrent variable-interval pair. The quantitative nature of a partition seems critically dependent on the relative rates with which the two schedules provide reinforcements for responding, in addition to the changeover delay. The manner in which the changeover delay controls the partition was studied by varying the duration of the changeover delay from 0 to 20 sec with each of two pairs of concurrent variable-interval schedules, viz., Conc VI 1.5-min VI 1.5-min and Conc VI 1-min VI 3-min. Rats served as the subjects and brain stimulation was employed as the reinforcer. When the schedules were Conc VI 1.5-min VI 1.5-min, relative response rate approximated 0.50 at all values of the changeover delay. When the schedules were Conc VI 1-min VI 3-min, relative response rate, computed with respect to the VI 1-min schedule, increased when the duration of the changeover delay increased. Changeover rate decreased when the duration of the changeover delay increased. The decrease was the same for both VI schedules of the Conc VI 1.5-min VI 1.5-min pair but was more rapid for the VI 3-min schedule of the Conc VI 1-min VI 3-min pair. 相似文献
129.
130.