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891.
The aim of this investigation was to gauge the comparative research performance of university departments of psychology in
Britain. The performance indicator was the number of publications per departmental staff member in the journals of the British
Psychological Society (BPS) during the seven-year period 1983–1989. The contents of these journals were thoroughly searched,
and articles written by members of university psychology departments in Britain were counted. The number of publications of
each psychology department was divided by the size of the department in the corresponding year and the resulting annual figures
were summed to determine the number of publications in BPS journals per departmental staff member over the seven-year period.
These research performance figures correlated significantly with an earlier measure of departmental research performance based
on publications in the seven European psychological journals with the highest citations per published article and with recent
performance indicators based on other criteria 相似文献
892.
This exploratory study sought to determine whether selected religion-related factors differentiated between 86 patients with
obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), 73 patients with panic disorder, and 292 patients with other psychiatric (non-anxiety)
disorders. A standard history questionnaire was used to obtain information from patients concerning religion of origin, involvement
in religious activities, religious conflict, and perceived religiousness of parents. It was found that the percentage of patients
who reported experiencing religious conflict was significantly higher for the OCD group than for the other two groups. Other
findings suggested associations between Catholicism and OCD and between Protestantism and panic disorder, but further research
is needed to clarify these relationships.
This article is based on a paper presented at the 98th annual convention of the American Psychological Association, Boston,
August 1990. 相似文献
893.
Samples of college students from three states (Ohio, New Hampshire, Illinois) rated 390 idioms on familiarity of their figurative
meanings. The Illinois samples also rated the likelihood of encountering the idioms’ literal meanings. Results suggested some
modest regional differences in idiom familiarity, and consistent with Popiel and McRae (1988), the likelihood of encountering
an idiom’s literal meaning is relatively independent of the familiarity of its figurative meaning. The 314 idioms rated by
more than 75% of the subjects are listed with the idioms’ familiarity ratings, as are the 20 most and least familiar idioms
for each of the three states. The 248 idioms rated by at least 75% of the Illinois subjects and the idioms’ figurative and
literal ratings are also presented. 相似文献
894.
This study investigated the differential influence of hypnotic susceptibility level on signal detection task (SDT) performance
in waking and hypnotic conditions. As assessed by the Harvard Group Scale of Hypnotic Susceptibility, Form A (HGSHS: A) and
the Stanford Hypnotic Susceptibility Scale, Form C (SHSS: C), 20 high (9–12), 20 medium (4–8), and 20 low (0–3) hypnotizables
participated. In counterbalanced conditions of waking and hypnosis, Ss (Subjects) were given 36 signal detection trials, consisting
of 12 strong signals, 12 weak signals, and 12 “no” signals. No differences were observed in the waking condition between low,
medium, and high hypnotizables on strong and weak signal trials. In hypnosis, high hypnotizables exhibited significantly superior
performance on the strong signal trials in comparison with low hypotizables, and performed significantly better on the weak
signal trials than did the low and medium hypnotizables. Low and medium hypnotizables performed similarly in waking and hypnotic
conditions, while high hypnotizables showed significant enhancements in performance for strong and weak signal trials during
hypnosis.
This research was supported, in part, by a grant from Fort Hays State University. 相似文献
895.
James Hughes John R. Lishman Denis M. Parker 《Attention, perception & psychophysics》1992,52(2):222-230
In three experiments, we investigated the relative perceived duration of a full bandwidth iniage and a set of high- and lowpass filtered images of a scene, briefly presented on a visual display unit. In Experiment 1, the various images were compared with each other, using a paired comparison method. All images were presented for 40 msec, and observers were asked to judge which of each pair of images had the longest duration. The results showed that images containing a wide spatial frequency bandwidth were judged to be of longer duration than were images of a narrower bandwidth, regardless of whether the latter were high- or lowpass filtered. In Experiment 2, a 40-msec presentation of each of the images was compared with a presentation of a probe that was 20,40, 60, or 80 msec in duration. Observers again judged which of each pair of images had the longest duration. The results were very similar to those of Experiment 1, with wide bandwidth images being judged to be of longer duration than were narrow bandwidth images. In Experiment 3, instead of comparing the various filtered versions of the image with each other, we attempted to obtain a direct measure of perceived duration by comparing a flashing LED to a 40-msec flash of a subset of the images used in the previous experiments. The observers’ task was to adjust the duration of the LED flash to match the perceived duration of each image. The results confirmed the results of the previous experiments, again indicating that wide bandwidth images are perceived to have longer phenomenal durations than narrow bandwidth images are perceived to have. These results could be predicted from previous research in the literature on the effects of spatial frequency on perceptual lag but not from research on visual persistence. It is argued that the effects described here can probably be explained best by postulating a link between perceived duration and the integration of separately processed spatial frequency information. 相似文献
896.
Shawn Seybert Ed.S. Professor Director Glen Dunlap Ph.D. Jolenea Ferro Ph.D. 《Journal of Behavioral Education》1996,6(1):49-65
This investigation was conducted in an effort to systematically extend the emerging data base having to do with choice-making opportunities and the behavior of students with disabilities. In particular, the current analyses examined the effects of choice-making on the problem behavior and task engagement of three high school students with intellectual disabilities as the students performed domestic and vocational activities. Multiple baseline and reversal designs demonstrated that the choice conditions reduced problem behaviors and increased task engagement for all participants. Data having to do with student affect and task productivity were less consistent. The findings on the relationship between choice making and problem behavior replicate and extend a growing literature on the desirable effects of choice-making for individuals with disabilities. The results are discussed in terms of recent developments in behavioral support, as well as the need for ongoing conceptual and applied research. 相似文献
897.
898.
Pamela C. Regan 《Journal of applied social psychology》1996,26(20):1803-1815
A person's weight may be perceived as an important aspect of his or her sexuality and a significant determinant of his or her interpersonal sexual experiences. However, researchers interested in body weight and sexuality have focused exclusively on sexual disorders found in individuals with eating disorders; consequently, little is known about people's beliefs about weight and sexuality, despite the individual and interpersonal significance of such beliefs. Undergraduates received information about a male or female, obese or normal-weight stimulus person and then evaluated that person along several dimensions related to sexuality. Participants believed that an obese man's sexual experiences would be highly similar to those of a normal-weight man. However, participants viewed an obese woman as less sexually attractive, skilled, warm, and responsive, and perceived her as less likely to experience desire and various sexual behaviors than a normal-weight woman. In addition, participants believed that an obese woman was less sexually attractive, skilled, warm, and responsive than an obese man. 相似文献
899.
900.
Resurgence has been shown in human and nonhuman operant behavior, but not in derived relational responses. The present study examined this issue. Twenty-three undergraduates were trained to make conditional discriminations in a three-choice matching-to-sample paradigm. The training resulted in three equivalence classes, each consisting of four arbitrarily configured visual stimuli. The same 12 stimuli were then reorganized, and the conditional discrimination training was repeated such that three new classes were possible. In a subsequent test of derived relations, most subjects showed response patterns that were consistent with the altered conditional discriminations. Subjects were then exposed to conditional discrimination trials under extinction. Most subjects continued to respond consistently with the most recently reinforced conditional discrimination trials. During the next phase, subjects were exposed to symmetry and equivalence trials. Responses consistent with the most recent training produced feedback saying that the responses were incorrect, whereas other responses produced no feedback. Most subjects showed a resurgence of responding that was consistent with their earlier training. Finally, subjects were exposed to conditional discrimination trials carried out in extinction. Most subjects continued to show a resurgence of responding that was consistent with their early training. 相似文献