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41.
Dominguez FJ Lawrence C Halpern EF Drohan B Grinstein G Black DM Smith BL Gadd MA Specht M Kopans DB Moore RH Hughes SS Roche CA Hughes KS 《Journal of genetic counseling》2007,16(3):341-345
The self-reporting of cancer history is becoming increasingly important, as it frequently guides medical decision-making.
We studied the accuracy of personal cancer history using a self-administered questionnaire, comparing the results with the
Tumor Registry at our institution. Among 39,662 records, we identified 3614 women with a single cancer in the Tumor Registry
who reported none or one cancer on their questionnaire. The sensitivity in self-reporting cancers was 85.7%, ranging from
92.1% for breast cancer to 42.9% for leukemia. The accuracy for breast cancer and Hodgkin's Lymphoma was significantly better
than other cancers (p=0.00027, CI: 1.4–3.88). Analysis of patient's characteristics showed that Caucasians reported breast cancer more accurately
than Asian/Pacific Islanders (p=0.008), and those with Jewish ancestry more accurately than non-Jewish (p=0.0435). These results will help us to improve data collection and thus improve medical decision-making. 相似文献
42.
The effects of relaxation response meditation on the symptoms of irritable bowel syndrome: results of a controlled treatment study. 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
In this study, Herbert Benson's (1975) Relaxation Response Meditation program was tested as a possible treatment for Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS). Participants were 16 adults who were matched into pairs based on presence of Axis I disorder, primary IBS symptoms and demographic features and randomized to either a six week meditation condition or a six week wait list symptom monitoring condition. Thirteen participants completed treatment and follow-up. All subjects assigned to the Wait List were subsequently treated. Patients in the treatment condition were taught the meditation technique and asked to practice it twice a day for 15 minutes. Composite Primary IBS Symptom Reduction (CPSR) scores were calculated for each patient from end of baseline to two weeks post-treatment (or to post wait list). One tailed independent sample t-tests revealed that Meditation was superior to the control (P=0.04). Significant within-subject improvements were noted for flatulence (P=0.03) and belching (P=0.02) by post-treatment. By three month follow-up, significant improvements in flatulence (P<0.01), belching (P=0.02), bloating (P=0.05), and diarrhea (P=0.03) were shown by symptom diary. Constipation approached significance (P=0.07). Benson's Relaxation Response Meditation appears to be a viable treatment for IBS. 相似文献
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Personal warmth, arguably a strong trait in the makeup of psychological health, seems to fade in conceptual importance at
midlife. In contrast, ideas of interiority and androgyny appear to gain conceptual importance at midlife. The present study
sought to rebalance these foci by determining the predictive power of personal warmth for psychological health of men and
women at age 50: first, by developing separate California Psychological Inventory (CPI) scales to assess personal warmth;
next, by joining these warmth scales with the 20 standard CPI scales to predict psychological health. Without the personal
warmth scale, the standard CPI scales do not significantly predict psychological health for men; for women, the standard scales
do. For both genders, the personal warmth scales add significantly to the predictability of psychological health. The results
point to an amendment of current theoretical formulations of interiority and androgyny to better understand optimal psychological
development in men and women at midlife. 相似文献
46.
David A. Coe Roberta L. Babbitt Keith E. Williams Constance Hajimihalis Angela M. Snyder Christopher Ballard Lisa A. Efron 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》1997,30(3):581-583
Extinction and reinforcement contingencies were used to treat 2 children with feeding disorders. Positive reinforcement and avoidance extinction effectively increased food acceptance but also increased food expulsion. Reduced expulsion and increased swallowing were achieved by repeated presentation of expelled food, a second extinction component. 相似文献
47.
Recent research in information processing has yielded evidence supporting the self-as-schema model with adults. Further self-schema research with depressed and nondepressed persons has suggested the existence of negative self-schemas in depression, lending support to a content-specificity self-schema model. The present studies were designed to investigate the applicability of the self-as-schema model to children and to examine the extent of negative self-schemas in relatively depressed children. A depth-of-processing incidental recall memory paradigm was employed with two groups of normal third- to sixth-grade children. Results supported the self-as-schema model as applied to children, even the youngest group, by indicating superior recall for words encoded under self-reference instructions, compared to semantic or structural orienting instructions. The content-specificity hypotheses were tested with relatively depressed and nondepressed children, and were supported only for the nondepressed children, who recalled mostly positive content words. The relatively depressed children did not demonstrate content specificity in their recall, showing a more “confused” pattern, and the results were discussed in terms of a developmental model of acquisition of depression vulnerability requiring repeated depressive experiences over time. Although the results were consistent with a self-schema approach, current controversies over the implications of depth-of-processing methods require further research to clarify mechanisms of enhanced self-reference recall. 相似文献
48.
Constance L Hollinger 《Journal of Vocational Behavior》1983,22(1):49-62
The role of self-perceptions of career-relevant abilities in understanding the career aspirations of mathematically talented adolescent females is studied. Female high school sophomores rated themselves on the 12 self-estimates of ability in Holland's Self-Directed Search. Based on her ideal career aspiration, each student was assigned to one of six career-aspiration groups. The results of the multiple discriminant function analysis indicated that nontraditional math career aspirants could be discriminated from the remaining five career-aspiration groups on the basis of seven self-estimates of ability. Further discriminations were less distinct although classification accuracy for all six career groups surpassed that expected by chance alone. 相似文献
49.
Both amount and content of self-disclosure may vary with sex role. Both adult and preadolescent females have been reported as engaging in greater amounts of self-disclosure than males; the present study attempted to replicate these findings with preadolescents, and to investigate sex differences in the content of self-disclosure. A self-disclosure questionnaire covering a wide range of subjects was administered to 307 urban children. The sex difference on the total number of items revealed to a friend closely approached significance, with girls showing greater disclosure. When only intimate content items were examined, the sex difference reached clear significance. Content analysis showed that girls were more willing to reveal items related to emotionality, anxiety, and dependence. 相似文献
50.
Dr. Constance Hammen 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》1988,16(3):347-360
In a preliminary effort to integrate cognitive, life stress, and interpersonal approaches to vulnerability to depression, children's cognitions about themselves, their stressful life events, and the interaction of self-cognitions and life events were tested as predictors of depression. Children of normal, medically ill, and bipolar and unipolar depressed mothers were assessed initially and 6 months later for diagnostic status using the Kiddie-SADS interview. As predicted, Piers-Harris self-concept scores and interview-assessed children's stressful life events significantly predicted changes in depression status over the 6-month follow-up. Stressors and the interaction of stressors and self-concept also predicted changes in diagnosis of nonaffective disorders. A self-schema measure of accessibility of negative self-cognitions, known to be mood-dependent, failed to add to the prediction of depression severity. The results are consistent with a model of depression vulnerability that emphasizes cognition about self-worth and self-efficacy as mediators of the impact of stressful events, and we speculate that such self-schemas are acquired in part in the context of parent-child relationships. Recommendations are given for further studies of the acquisition and the mechanisms of self-schemas.This research was supported by an award from the William T. Grant Foundation. The assistance of Cheri Adrian, Dorli Burge, David Gordon, Donald Hiroto, Carol Jaenicke, our research staff, and cooperating agencies is gratefully acknowledged. 相似文献