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21.
The hypothesis that dependency conflict is associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption when dependency needs are threatened or thwarted was tested with a sample of 672 middle-aged, married adults with college-age children. The subjects' current level of alcohol consumption was predicted based on the present level of threat to the marital relationship (assessed by reports from several family members) and on indices of dependency need and inhibition of dependent behavior estimated from sibship size, sibship density, and sibling position. A multiple regression analysis yielded a significant two-way interaction (p < .05) between marital threat and subject sex, and a significant three-way interaction of dependency heed, inhibition of dependent behavior, and marital threat. High marital threat was associated with higher levels of alcohol consumption in men and slightly lower levels of alcohol consumption in women. Additionally, when dependency need was high, alcohol consumption was generally low, except when both inhibition of dependent behavior and marital threat were high. However, when dependency need was low, the highest alcohol consumption score occurred when marital threat was low and inhibition was high. 相似文献
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Serge Piccinin Michael Mccarrey David Fairweather Diana Vito Gretchen Conrad 《Current Psychology》1998,17(1):75-92
This study compares the motivation and the quality of criticism responses of 697 undergraduates who were divided into three
levels of situation legitimacy (high, moderate, and low) and two levels (top versus bottom 40 percent) of anxiety related
to previous generalized assertiveness behaviours. The impact of gender was also studied. The results showed the legitimacy
of the situation for a critical response (preassessed with peer hold-out groups) significantly affected participants' motivation
to criticize as well as the quality of their critical responses, notwithstanding the poor quality of all criticism responses.
Anxiety related to previous global assertiveness was related to high motivation but not to quality of criticism responses.
There were no gender effects. Results are interpreted within an avoidance learning paradigm wherein the connotative meaning
of criticism is incongruent with harmonious long-term relationships so that it is suppressed until virtually forced by the
specifics of highly legitimate situations. 相似文献
26.
Short-term memory in the deaf: a test for speech coding 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
R Conrad 《British journal of psychology (London, England : 1953)》1972,63(2):173-180
27.
Carol Conrad 《Memory & cognition》1974,2(1):130-138
These studies explore the role of context in determining what information about the meanings of words is activated in memory at the time a word is encountered in a sentence. Using a color-naming paradigm, it was shown that both meanings of a word that has two distinct meanings are activated in memory at the time the word is heard in a sentence. This activation occurs even when there is sufficient contextual information to indicate which meaning was intended by the speaker. These results support the hypothesis that there exists in memory an isolable subjective lexicon. They suggest that context which is effective in disambiguating lexical ambiguities in the language has its effect only at a relatively late stage in the cognitive processing involved in language comprehension. 相似文献
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Rule-based schema matching for ontology-based mediators 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Mediating heterogeneous data sources heavily relies on explicit domain knowledge expressed, for example, as ontologies and mapping rules. We discuss the use of logic representations for mapping schema elements onto concepts expressed in a simplified ontology for cultural assets. Starting with a logic representation of the ontology, criteria for a rule-based schema matching are exemplified. Special requirements are the handling of uncertain information and the processing of hierarchical XML structures representing instances. 相似文献
30.
Wendy D Donlin Todd W Knealing Mick Needham Conrad J Wong Kenneth Silverman 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2008,41(4):499-516
This study assessed whether attendance rates in a workplace predicted subsequent outcome of employment-based reinforcement of cocaine abstinence. Unemployed adults in Baltimore methadone programs who used cocaine (N = 111) could work in a workplace for 4 hr every weekday and earn $10.00 per hour in vouchers for 26 weeks. During an induction period, participants provided urine samples but could work independent of their urinalysis results. After the induction period, participants had to provide urinalysis evidence of cocaine abstinence to work and maintain maximum pay. A multiple regression analysis showed that induction period attendance was independently associated with urinalysis evidence of cocaine abstinence under the employment-based abstinence reinforcement contingency. Induction period attendance may measure the reinforcing value of employment and could be used to guide the improvement of employment-based abstinence reinforcement. 相似文献