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51.
数学应用题中的语言成分可能对被试问题解决过程产生复杂影响。通常, 这种影响对所有被试并非完全一致, 而是具体数学题目特征与特定被试的认知特性之间交互作用的结果。本研究采用多元随机效应项目反应理论模型的建模方法, 分析了数学应用题中语言成分对问题解决过程的影响。该方法的优势在于它不仅分析了语言成分对数学问题解决过程的平均效应, 同时给出了相应的随机效应, 揭示了相应成分对不同个体问题解决过程的具体影响程度。结果表明, 较难的项目倾向于单词更多, 命题密度更高, 要求对图/表信息进行编码和转译, 或者根据问题表述生成数学公式。项目命题密度影响效应存在着显著的个别差异。项目命题密度对能力较低的被试的影响高于对能力较高的被试的影响。 相似文献
52.
Susan W. White Anne Marie Albano Cynthia R. Johnson Connie Kasari Thomas Ollendick Ami Klin Donald Oswald Lawrence Scahill 《Clinical child and family psychology review》2010,13(1):77-90
Anxiety is a common co-occurring problem among young people with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Characterized by deficits
in social interaction, communication problems, and stereotyped behavior and restricted interests, this group of disorders
is more prevalent than previously realized. When present, anxiety may compound the social deficits of young people with ASD.
Given the additional disability and common co-occurrence of anxiety in ASD, we developed a manual-based cognitive-behavioral
treatment program to target anxiety symptoms as well as social skill deficits in adolescents with ASD [Multimodal Anxiety
and Social Skills Intervention: MASSI]. In this paper, we describe the foundation, content, and development of MASSI. We also
summarize data on treatment feasibility based on a pilot study that implemented the intervention. 相似文献
53.
Many practices aimed at cultivating multicultural competence in educational and organizational settings (e.g., exchange programs, diversity education in college, diversity management at work) assume that multicultural experience fosters creativity. In line with this assumption, the research reported in this article is the first to empirically demonstrate that exposure to multiple cultures in and of itself can enhance creativity. Overall, the authors found that extensiveness of multicultural experiences was positively related to both creative performance (insight learning, remote association, and idea generation) and creativity-supporting cognitive processes (retrieval of unconventional knowledge, recruitment of ideas from unfamiliar cultures for creative idea expansion). Furthermore, their studies showed that the serendipitous creative benefits resulting from multicultural experiences may depend on the extent to which individuals open themselves to foreign cultures, and that creativity is facilitated in contexts that deemphasize the need for firm answers or existential concerns. The authors discuss the implications of their findings for promoting creativity in increasingly global learning and work environments. 相似文献
54.
This study extends previous research by proposing an integrative model that examines the mediating processes underlying the relationship between leader support and employee OCB. Data were collected from 323 employees and their immediate supervisors in seven Taiwanese companies. Results showed that supervisor support influenced the employees’ OCB indirectly through two cognitive processes (job satisfaction and person–organization fit) and one affective process(job tension). 相似文献
55.
Lowndes GJ Saling MM Ames D Chiu E Gonzalez LM Savage G 《Neuropsychology, development, and cognition. Section B, Aging, neuropsychology and cognition》2008,15(4):506-522
Associate-recognition has received little attention as a potential clinical tool for detecting early Alzheimer's disease (AD). As an important preliminary stage to investigating the paradigm's diagnostic utility, we designed and administered a verbal associate-recognition task to healthy elderly participants (n = 62) and compared their performance to that on traditional cued-recall PAL. In both test conditions, the stimulus list comprised of a mixture of highly imageable and less imageable word pairs. Overall, performance on the associate-recognition task was superior to that on the cued-recall analogue. This 'recognition advantage' was not attributable to the higher baseline or chance guessing rate in the associate-recognition condition, as the size of the recognition advantage varied across learning trials and stimulus imageability. In comparison to performance on the imageable stimuli, performance on the less imageable stimuli was poor in both associate-recognition and cued-recall conditions. Across the delay, performances were more likely to drop in the cued-recall condition than the associate-recognition condition. These results suggest that verbal associate-recognition may be clinically efficacious and better tolerated in elderly populations than traditional cued-recall paradigms. Although these results are encouraging, further research is required to examine the utility of associate-recognition in clinical populations, particularly early AD. 相似文献
56.
Lyren Chiu 《Journal of International Migration and Integration》2006,7(1):95-115
This qualitative study examines the interaction and tensions between Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) from the perspective of Chinese immigrant practitioners residing in British Columbia. The study also examines (a) how immigration affects TCM practice in BC, (b) the role of legislation in standardizing TCM practice, (c) official barriers crected by government and the medical establishment, and (d) the role of local communities in negotiating TCM services in BC. The findings identify barriers in TCM practice, integration, and research, and suggest that professionalization could create a common ground for interaction and integration between the two systems. 相似文献
57.
Ming Ming Chiu 《Journal of family psychology》2007,21(3):510-519
This study examines the links between students' families and science achievement across many countries. Science tests and questionnaire responses of 107,834 fifteen-year-olds in 41 countries were analyzed with multilevel analyses. Students had higher science scores if they were native born, lived with two parents, lived without grandparents, lived with fewer siblings (especially older ones), had more educational resources, had more family involvement, lived in wealthier countries, or lived in countries with more equal distributions of household income. In wealthier countries, family involvement, blended families, and number of siblings showed stronger links to science scores. Science achievement was more strongly linked to family socioeconomic status (SES) and educational resources in more egalitarian cultures and to single parents, family SES, resident grandparents, and birth order in more individualistic cultures. Hence, family constructs were linked to academic achievement in all 41 countries, and the links were stronger in more economically and culturally developed countries. 相似文献
58.
Purpose This research conceptualizes and tests an integrative model of customer loyalty by linking two important theories: expectation–confirmation
theory and self-determination theory.
Design/Methodology/Approach The model is examined using data obtained from 207 part-time students who have encountered the service of a skincare and beauty
salon in Taiwan. These students work as full-time professionals in a variety of industries during the daytime and are financially
independent for their daily consumption.
Findings The empirical results of this study indicate that loyalty is positively influenced by both intrinsic regulation and identified
regulation, while introjected regulation and external regulation are insignificantly related to loyalty. Affected positively
by service expectation and service confirmation, satisfaction has positive influences on all four dimensions of self-determined
motivation—namely, intrinsic regulation, identified regulation, introjected regulation, and external regulation.
Implications The findings of this study show that the proposed model helps to learn about loyalty formation and its mediating mechanism
in service contexts. Intrinsic regulation and identified regulation may be applied as two potential checkpoints for management
to learn the actual status of customer loyalty based on a constant service quality offered by the service provider.
Originality/Value This study is one of the earliest to integrate expectation–confirmation theory and self-determination theory to explore loyalty.
Besides, this study transplants the traditional application of self-determination theory from educational service to commercial
service in general so that efficient strategies can be made for boosting loyalty. 相似文献
59.
What Constitutes a Good Life? Cultural Differences in the Role of Positive and Negative Affect in Subjective Well‐Being 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
ABSTRACT East Asians and Asian Americans report lower levels of subjective well-being than Europeans and European Americans. Three studies found support for the hypothesis that such differences may be due to the psychological meanings Eastern and Western cultures attach to positive and negative affect. Study 1 demonstrated that the desire to repeat a recent vacation was significantly predicted by recalled positive affect—but not recalled negative affect—for European Americans, whereas Asian Americans considered both positive and negative affect. Study 2 replicated this effect in judging satisfaction with a personal friendship. Study 3 linked changes in European Americans' life satisfaction to everyday positive events caused by the self (vs. others) and changes in Japanese life satisfaction to everyday negative events caused by others (vs. the self). Positive affect appears particularly meaningful for European Americans and negative affect for Asian Americans and Japanese when judging a satisfying vacation, friendship, or life. 相似文献
60.
Latent class models for cognitive diagnosis often begin with specification of a matrix that indicates which attributes or
skills are needed for each item. Then by imposing restrictions that take this into account, along with a theory governing
how subjects interact with items, parametric formulations of item response functions are derived and fitted. Cluster analysis
provides an alternative approach that does not require specifying an item response model, but does require an item-by-attribute
matrix. After summarizing the data with a particular vector of sum-scores, K-means cluster analysis or hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis can be applied with the purpose of clustering subjects
who possess the same skills. Asymptotic classification accuracy results are given, along with simulations comparing effects
of test length and method of clustering. An application to a language examination is provided to illustrate how the methods
can be implemented in practice. 相似文献