Common Components of Home-Based Family Therapy Models: The HBFT Partnership in Kansas

In this article, we provide an analysis of components shared by varying home-based family therapy (HBFT) practices and evidence-based models. Applying a consistent statewide standard for HBFT presents challenges for the training of therapists from varying disciplines, with different levels of experience, and from diverse agencies. We propose focusing on common components across existing evidence-based models and discuss the trainings developed to integrate those components. We address indications and contraindications for using an HBFT approach and illustrate ways to address the particular challenges of HBFT supported by a unique partnership in Kansas. We conclude by offering suggestions for further research and for continued training development.     

Subjective well-being in urban adolescents of color

Relationships among predictors and criteria of subjective well-being were examined in a sample of 151 urban adolescents of color, ages 12-15. The relative strengths of family, peer, and school-related support and esteem in predicting three measures of subjective well-being (life satisfaction, positive affect, and negative affect) were explored. Results suggested that sense of worth in one's family explained a significant amount of variance in subjective well-being variables, above and beyond the contributions of individual, school, and peer-related variables. Implications for prevention and mental health promotion with urban adolescents of color are discussed based on these findings.     

Initiation and Maintenance of Health Behaviors

The Health Action Process Approach (HAPA) has made important contributions to understanding health behavior change through emphasising the distinction between motivational and volitional influences on behavior and focusing attention on maintenance as well as initiation of health behaviors. The present commentary draws out a number of issues in relation to the contribution of the HAPA to our understanding of health behaviors. Five issues are highlighted: What are the key motivational influences on behavior? What are the key volitional influences on behavior? How does recent research on intention–behavior moderators provide further insights into volitional influences on health behaviors? What are the problems of blurring a distinction between continuum and stage models as is done in the HAPA? What is the value of a distinction between initiation and maintenance of a health behavior? L’Approche des Processus d’Action en faveur de la Santé (HAPA) a apporté une contribution importante à la compréhension des modifications du comportement liéà la santé en soulignant la différence entre les influences motivationnelles et volitionnelles sur la conduite et en s’intéressant aussi bien à la continuité qu’à l’amorce des comportements de santé. Ce commentaire aborde quelques questions en rapport avec la contribution de l’HAPA à notre compréhension des comportements relatifs à la santé. Cinq questions sont posées: quelles sont les influences motivationnelles majeures sur la conduite? Quelles sont les influences volitionnelles majeures sur la conduite? En quoi des recherches récentes sur les modérateurs intention–comportement permettent‐elles de mieux appréhender les influences volitionnelles sur les comportements favorisant la santé; le problème de l’atténuation de la différenciation apparue dans l’HAPA entre les modèles en stades et en continuum; la valeur de la distinction entre adoption et maintien d’un comportement favorable à la santé.     

Examining normative pressure in the theory of planned behaviour: Impact of gender and passengers on intentions to break the speed limit

This research examined the impact of passenger-type on young people’s responses to a driving scenario about speeding. In the scenarios, the presence, and gender of the passenger were systematically varied. A total of 162 respondents (83 females, 79 males) completed questionnaires containing measures from the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) and additional variables after reading each of two scenarios. The TPB provided good predictions of intention to speed (45% explained variance) with all TPB variables plus moral norms and past behaviour significant. Males compared to females reported significantly greater normative pressure to speed, less control over not speeding, and less moral norms not to speed. Normative pressure was a stronger predictor of intentions for men compared to women when driving alone. Normative pressure was a stronger predictor of intentions when the passenger was male.     

The five‐factor personality inventory: cross‐cultural generalizability across 13 countries

In the present study, we investigated the structural invariance of the Five‐Factor Personality Inventory (FFPI) across a variety of cultures. Self‐report data sets from ten European and three non‐European countries were available, representing the Germanic (Belgium, England, Germany, the Netherlands, USA), Romance (Italy, Spain), and Slavic branches (Croatia, Czech Republic, Slovakia) of the Indo‐European languages, as well as the Semito‐Hamitic (Israel) and Altaic (Hungary, Japan) language families. Each data set was subjected to principal component analysis, followed by varimax rotation and orthogonal Procrustes rotation to optimal agreement with (i) the Dutch normative structure and (ii) an American large‐sample structure. Three criteria (scree test, internal consistency reliabilities of the varimax‐rotated components, and parallel analysis) were used to establish the number of factors to be retained for rotation. Clear five‐factor structures were found in all samples except in the smallest one (USA, N = 97). Internal consistency reliabilities of the five components were generally good and high congruence was found between each sample structure and both reference structures. More than 80% of the items were equally stable within each country. Based on the results, an international FFPI reference structure is proposed. This reference structure can facilitate standardized communications about Big Five scores across research programmes. Copyright © 2003 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

A Practical Guide to Experience-Sampling Procedures

Experience-sampling is a powerful method for understanding a range of psychological phenomena as they occur in the daily lives of individuals. In this primer, we discuss the different techniques, equipment, and design options available to the experience-sampling researcher. We place special emphasis on computerized procedures and discuss the crucial social dynamic of the research team, which optimizes the success of experience-sampling procedures.