Health-Related Decision-Making in HIV Disease

Individuals living with HIV show moderate decision-making deficits, though no prior studies have evaluated the ability to make optimal health-related decisions across the HIV healthcare continuum. Forty-three HIV+ individuals with HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND+), 50 HIV+ individuals without HAND (HAND?), and 42 HIV? participants were administered two measures of health-related decision-making as part of a comprehensive neuropsychological battery: (1) The Decisional Conflict Scale (DCS), and (2) The Modified UCSD Brief Assessment for Capacity to Consent (UBACC-T). Multiple regression analyses revealed that HAND was an independent predictor of both the DCS and the UBACC-T, such that the HAND+ sample evidenced significantly poorer scores relative to comparison groups. Within the HIV+ sample, poorer health-related decision-making was associated with worse performance on tests of episodic memory, risky decision-making, and health literacy. Findings indicate that individuals with HAND evidence moderate deficits in effectively comprehending and evaluating various health-related choices.     

Comparative differences in the self-perceptions of disadvantaged and advantaged students

Previous research had indicated positive and significantly higher self-perceptions for disadvantaged children in comparison to advantaged children in grades four through eight. The intention of this research was to determine whether disadvantaged children maintain their more positive self-images when they enter the more integrated environment with advantaged children. It was discovered that both disadvantaged and advantaged high school students had significantly lower self-perception scores than did the elementary school pupils. The importance of the study is in the continued non-support of the hypothesis that disadvantaged children of all ages have negative self concepts—whether in segregated or integrated situations. However, the study further shows that high school students' self-images are not as high as those of younger children—whether they are disadvantaged or advantaged.     

初中一年级数学自学辅导教学协作实验研究结果——北京市五个实验班的初步总结

本文叙述了自学的必要性和研究自学的方法,概括论述怎样担任自学辅导教学实验班的老师。从四次定量材料中,五个实验班的学习成绩和自学能力成长几乎都优于对比班;从定性材料中,否定了自学会对概念和法则理解不深入以及解题的灵活性较差的说法,记忆的持久性也比对比班略好。这次实验还证明了基础较差的学生也能自学。     

国内九个地区3—7岁儿童数概念和运算能力发展的初步研究综合报告

这个报告中的初步研究工作在做法上甚有可取之处,在收获上也令人感觉到有广阔的前途。但诚如作者自己所说,这项初步研究工作还有不少不足之处,很有待继续努大加以充实和提高。我们希望有更多同志共同探索各种做法,研究有关问题。     

藏族、维吾尔族在表音、表意文字辨认上大脑两半球的功能特点

用半视野速示术对藏族、维吾尔族人(各60名),进行辨认表音、表意文字的研究。结果表明,无论是藏族还是维吾尔族被试,对汉字(表意文字)的辨认都是两半球均势的,而对藏/维文(表音文字)的辨认却出现两种不同的结果:对熟练掌握和使用汉语多年(五年以上)的藏族被试出现两半球均势,而学习汉语一年左右的藏族及维吾尔族被试以及学习汉语四年的维吾尔族被试却为左半球优势。这表明对表意文字汉字的辨认是两半球均势的,对表音文字藏/维文的辨认似乎受被试使用汉语的影响,会由左半球优势转变为两半球均势。     

五岳同祈 祝福中华——道教界隆重举行庆祝新中国60华诞系列文化活动

为了表达道教界对新中国60华诞的热烈庆贺和虔诚祝福,进一步发扬道教“爱国爱教、团结进步”的优良传统,展现道教“护国佑民、济世利人”的真诚情怀,发挥道教在构建和谐社会和促进经济社会发展中的积极作用,在国家宗教局的大力支持下,由中国道教协会主办,