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71.
Laura Cavanagh Cecilia J. Compton Audrey Tluczek Roger L. Brown Philip M. Farrell 《Journal of genetic counseling》2010,19(2):199-210
This cross-sectional mixed method study was a long-term follow-up evaluation of families who participated in an earlier survey
of their understanding of cystic fibrosis (CF) genetics and their infants’ false-positive CF newborn screening (NBS) results.
Thirty-seven of the original 138 parents participated in the follow-up telephone survey. Results showed parents who received
genetic counseling at the time of their infants’ diagnostic sweat tests had significantly higher long-term retention of genetic
knowledge than those without genetic counseling. However, both groups still had misconceptions and lacked accurate information
about the actual risk associated with being a CF carrier. Most parents either had already informed (65%) or planned to inform
(19%) their children about the child’s carrier status. Mean child age at the time of disclosure was 9.2 years. Situational
prompts were the most common reasons for informing their children. Neither parental knowledge, medical literacy, nor parental
education predicted whether parents informed their children about their carrier status. False-positive NBS results for CF
were not associated with parental perceptions of child vulnerability 11–14 years after the testing. Although the sample from
this study was small, these findings underscore the benefits of genetic counseling at the time of the diagnostic sweat test
and offer information that can assist parents in talking with their children about the implications of having one CFTR mutation. 相似文献
72.
Casella SE Wilder DA Neidert P Rey C Compton M Chong I 《Journal of applied behavior analysis》2010,43(4):729-734
The effects of response effort on safe behaviors (i.e., glove wearing, hand sanitizing, and electrical outlet replacement) exhibited by therapists at an autism treatment center were examined. Participants were exposed to 2 or 3 levels of effort (i.e., high, medium, low) for each dependent variable. Results showed increased safe performance during the low-effort conditions relative to other conditions across all dependent variables for all participants. 相似文献
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Watson DG Compton S Bailey H 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2011,37(6):1729-1738
The preview benefit describes the finding that participants can prioritize the selection of new stimuli by the top-down inhibition of previously presented (previewed) items already in the field (Watson & Humphreys, 1997). Previous work has shown that if the old items undergo a permanent shape change when the new are added, then the old items recompete for selection with the new-the preview benefit is abolished. This is adaptive because it would be useful to stop ignoring items which change in potentially important ways. In contrast, temporary or repeating changes might be much less behaviorally relevant than permanent changes. Accordingly, we examined the effect of temporary changes (Experiment 1) and repeating changes (Experiment 2). Overall, the results showed that temporary changes could be partially but not fully ignored, and ignoring repeating changes became more difficult as the number of repetitions increased. The findings are discussed in terms of attentional prioritization mechanisms, maintenance of inhibitory representations, and the ecological properties of time-based selection. 相似文献
75.
The theory that children show a predominance of excitation over internal inhibition and that this is due to inadequate development of the frontal lobes is explored and extended. Experimental results show that children resemble leucotomised monkeys in their difficulty in overcoming an initial preference in discrimination tasks. 相似文献
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National health data are presented to demonstrate that important issues of women's health are linked to inequality and to the generalized oppression of women. Health issues of violence, reproductive health, coronary health, and mental health are reviewed as they relate to women of color and diverse ethnicity as well as to women in general. Feminist principles are applied to these issues, pointing out inequalities in assessment, treatment and access to care, bias in research and lack of research on topics particularly relevant to women and minorities, and limitations in the education and training of health care providers. It is imperative that these problems, which are not solely biological, be addressed in light of systems-level analysis that includes a feminist lens. Guided by feminist principles and sensibilities, the relevance of behavioral and social science is outlined for research, training, assessment, intervention, evaluation, and overall social change. 相似文献