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91.
Anne Castles Max Coltheart Jodie Valpied 《Journal of experimental child psychology》2009,104(1):68-88
Knowledge of letter-sound correspondences underpins successful reading acquisition, and yet little is known about how young children acquire this knowledge and what prior information they bring to the learning process. In this study, we used an experimental training design to examine whether either prior letter awareness or prior phonemic awareness directly assists preliterate children in subsequently learning letter-sound correspondences. Here 76 preschoolers received 6 weeks of training in either letter awareness, phonemic awareness, or control tasks and then received a further 6 weeks of training in either letter-sound correspondences or control tasks. There was limited evidence that prior training in either phoneme or letter awareness directly assisted learning of letter-sound correspondences, although phonemically trained children appeared to show some advantage on recognition tasks. Overall, the data suggest that there is little value in training preschoolers in either letter forms or sounds in isolation in advance of providing instruction on the links between the two. 相似文献
92.
Max Weisbuch Stacey A. Sinclair Collette P. Eccleston 《Journal of experimental social psychology》2009,45(1):143-148
The idea that self-esteem functions as a gauge or “sociometer” of social value [Leary, M. R., Baumeister, R. F. (2000). The nature and function of self-esteem: Sociometer theory. In M. P. Zanna (Ed.), Advances in experimental social psychology (Vol. 32, pp. 1-62). San Diego: Academic Press] is supported by research on direct social feedback. To examine if the sociometer model is relevant to more subtle social value cues, the implicit self-esteem of women was assessed a week after an interaction with an experimenter. Consistent with the sociometer model, Week 2 self-esteem depended on a subtle social value cue encountered during Week 1. When the Week 1 experimenter wore a t-shirt celebrating larger bodies (i.e., “everyBODY is beautiful”), heavier women had higher self-esteem than lighter women in Week 2. As hypothesized, this effect was relationship-specific, occurring only when the same experimenter administered Week 1 and 2 sessions. 相似文献
93.
Conrad Perry Johannes C. Ziegler Max Coltheart 《The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology Section A: Human Experimental Psychology》2002,55(3):897-915
Prior research has purported to show that words with infrequent phoneme-grapheme correspondences are more difficult to spell than words with frequent phoneme-grapheme correspondences. Defining exactly what a phoneme-grapheme relationship is, however, is not necessarily straightforward. There are a number of different assumptions that can be made. In this study, we developed four metrics of sound-spelling contingency based on all monosyllabic English words, including those with complex morphology. These metrics differed in the extent to which they included assumptions about spelling. The psychological reality of these different metrics was evaluated against data from a large-scale study of skilled adult spelling and a nonword spelling experiment. The results suggest that when spelling, people are sensitive to positional information, morphological status, vowel type, and a number of more idiosyncratic constraints. 相似文献
94.
Evidence is presented from two experiments and from a reanalysis of data published by Christian, Bickley, Tarka, and Clayton (1978) that the chronological age at which a word is acquired does not affect free recall or recognition memory. Morris’s (1981) report, that late acquired words are better recalled than early acquired words, was not replicated and appears to be attributable to a difference in the emotionality value of his lists. Although the data are consistent with an interpretation in terms of semantic, but not episodic, memory tasks’ being sensitive to word age of acquisition, it is suggested that a more fine-grained analysis is necessary. 相似文献
95.
Max Coltheart 《Memory & cognition》1975,3(1):42-48
Professor Holding has argued that the partial report superiority normally taken as evidence for the existence of iconic memory might instead be due to cue anticipation or output interference. I have suggested that both of these alternative explanations are inconsistent with the finding that the partial report superiority diminishes rapidly with increasing cue delay. In addition, Sperling’s original partial report experiment was designed in such a way that cue anticipation could not have occurred; and both his results with selection by letter vs number and Averbach and Coriell’s bar-marker results indicate that output interference effects are absent or negligible in tachistoscopic experiments. Consequently, I have concluded that the partial report superiority, and especially its decline with increasing delay, remains as strong evidence in favor of the conventional view of iconic memory. Furthermore, if this view were wrong, there would remain no way of giving a satisfactory account of (a) Averbach and Coriell’s results, (b) “direct” investigations of visual persistence, or (c) integration and interruption effects in backward visual masking. 相似文献
96.
97.
98.
Max Coltheart Barbara Arthur 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1972,24(3):262-269
When letters are superimposed upon a pattern of black and white squares, they are easier to identify when the pattern is regular than when it is random. If backward masking consists of the superimposition of a masking pattern upon the decaying visual trace of a target display, a regular pattern should be less effective as a backward mask than a random pattern. This was found to be so for both multiple-letter and single-letter displays. This result is predicted by an integration theory of visual masking but not by an interruption theory. 相似文献
99.
Professor Director of the Program Max Hamburgh Ph.D. 《Journal of religion and health》1980,19(4):320-325
Sociobiologists have emphasized that altruism and benevolent behavior are part of the genetic repertoire of most animals and certainly of man. They have constructed a theory of ethics as a biological phenomenon without reference to the concept of evil. It is concluded here however, that holocaust behavior is not equivalent to the natural manifestation of an incompletely tamed animal flashing its teeth. Biologists have been too rigid in trying to equate ethical behavior with social behavior. The added dimension of ethical behavior is a special kind of sensitivity to the needs of others, just as evil is the total lack of it. The evolution of this moral sense may itself have important selective value for the human species, whose survival depends on creating maximal diversity in its gene pool. 相似文献
100.
N. S. Sutherland R. Meddis Ian. M. L. Hunter B. A. Farrell H. G. Furth Max Coltheart 《Quarterly journal of experimental psychology (2006)》1974,26(4):658-662
GEOGRAPHY, R. L. and GOMBRICH, E. H. (Eds). Illusion in Nature and Art. Gerald Duckworth and Co Ltd. 1973. Pp. 288. £7.50/£3.25.
HARTMANN, E. L. The Functions of Sleep. London: Yale University Press. 1974. Pp. 198. £ 3.50.
RADFORD, J. and BURNTON, A. Thinking: its Nture and Devolopment. London: Wiley. 1974. Pp. 440. £ 6.95. Soft cover £ 3.25.
MACE, C. A. Selected Paper. London: Methuen and Co Ltd. 1973. Pp. 420. £ 6.50.
WOLFF, J. G. Language, Brain and Hearing. London: Methuen and Co. Ltd. 1973 Pp. 237. £ 3050.
BATTRO, A. M. Piaget: Dictionary of Terms. Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd. 1973. Pp. 186. £ 5.75.
MUSSEN, P. H. and ROZENSWEIG, M. R. Annual Review of Psychology. Annual Reviews Inc: Palo Alto, Califonia. Pp. 551. 12.50. 相似文献
HARTMANN, E. L. The Functions of Sleep. London: Yale University Press. 1974. Pp. 198. £ 3.50.
RADFORD, J. and BURNTON, A. Thinking: its Nture and Devolopment. London: Wiley. 1974. Pp. 440. £ 6.95. Soft cover £ 3.25.
MACE, C. A. Selected Paper. London: Methuen and Co Ltd. 1973. Pp. 420. £ 6.50.
WOLFF, J. G. Language, Brain and Hearing. London: Methuen and Co. Ltd. 1973 Pp. 237. £ 3050.
BATTRO, A. M. Piaget: Dictionary of Terms. Oxford: Pergamon Press Ltd. 1973. Pp. 186. £ 5.75.
MUSSEN, P. H. and ROZENSWEIG, M. R. Annual Review of Psychology. Annual Reviews Inc: Palo Alto, Califonia. Pp. 551. 12.50. 相似文献