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571.
Jérôme Colin 《Philosophical Magazine Letters》2015,95(3):152-160
The formation of two misfit edge dislocations is theoretically investigated in the interfaces of a layer embedded in a semi-infinite matrix. Assuming the matrix–layer interfaces are partially coherent, the energy variation resulting from the formation of the dislocations from the lateral free surface of the structure has been determined in the shearing stress field due to the partial misfit. The mechanical stability of the structure is analysed with respect to the dislocation formation as a function of the size of the coherent region of the interface and the misfit strain. 相似文献
572.
Colin Feltham 《欧洲心理治疗、咨询与健康杂志》2014,16(4):376-387
A critical response is given to the five articles constituting the special issue theme ‘Critical psychotherapy and counselling: if not now, when?’ The related arguments concerning political justice, professional struggles, new public management, therapeutic language use and ecotherapy are considered concisely and challenges made. Into this discussion is injected a degree of ‘brutalist objection’, along with a recommendation for radical honesty, a confession of depressive realism and hints of nihilism. Psychotherapy, whether traditional or critical, is taken to task for its romantic enmeshment in a hubristic fantasy of infinite relevance and improvement. 相似文献
573.
Colin Chasi 《Ethics & behavior》2014,24(6):495-509
This article critically addresses the view that ubuntu values limiting freedom of expression to what elders find agreeable. I present a heterogeneous argument in favor of an attractive conception of ubuntu that values individuals by investing in the worth of community. I assume that socioeconomic development is directly related to the extent to which people are granted freedom of expression. The point is that freedom of expression enables everyone to be respected and governed in ways that are associated with the establishment of communities where everyone can be the most they can be. 相似文献
574.
John H. Lurquin Sandra L. McFadden Colin R. Harbke 《The Journal of social psychology》2014,154(3):186-197
Previous studies have shown that social rejection leads to impaired performance on a variety of tasks that require self control, including the Stroop color-word interference task; however, mechanisms underlying the effect remain to be elucidated. We attempted to clarify the effects of social rejection on self control resources by measuring event-related potentials (ERPs) during a computerized Stroop test. Stroop performance and ERPs from 54 participants in rejected, control, and accepted groups were analyzed. A significant difference in the pattern of results for the N450 ERP was found, with rejected participants showing less negativity on incongruent trials and more on congruent trials compared to accepted participants and controls. The results suggest social rejection reduces the engagement of cognitive control mechanisms, and are more consistent with a limited strength resource model than with limited capacity resource models that focus on limitations in attention. 相似文献
575.
576.
Michael P. Wilmot Colin G. DeYoung David Stillwell Michal Kosinski 《Journal of personality》2016,84(3):335-347
Prior attempts at locating self‐monitoring within general taxonomies of personality traits have largely proved unsuccessful. However, past research has typically neglected (a) the bidimensionality of the Self‐Monitoring Scale and (b) the hierarchical nature of personality. The objective of this study was to test hypotheses that the two self‐monitoring factors are located at the level of the metatraits. Using data from two large multi‐informant samples, one community (Sample 1: N = 552, Mage = 51.26, 61% female; NPeers = 1,551, Mage = 48.61, 37% female) and one online (Sample 2: N = 3,726, Mage = 24.89, 59% female; NPeers = 17,868, Mage = 26.23, 64% female), confirmatory factor analysis was used to test the hypotheses. Results confirmed hypotheses that acquisitive self‐monitoring would have a strong positive relation to metatrait Plasticity, whereas protective self‐monitoring would have a moderate negative relation to metatrait Stability. In both samples, constraining the correlation between acquisitive self‐monitoring and Plasticity to unity did not alter model fit indices, indicating that the two putatively distinct constructs are identical. Findings have wide‐ranging implications, including integration of the construct of self‐monitoring into the mainstream of personality research, as the latter moves toward the development of broad explanatory theories. 相似文献
577.
Davidson C Prados J Gibson CL Young AM Barnes D Sherlock R Hutchinson CV 《Perception》2011,40(6):743-746
The planarian flatworm is one of the simplest animals to develop two eyecups that enable them to detect the presence and direction of light, which they typically avoid. In this study we assessed responses of planaria to different intensities of light. We found that they exhibited a graded, sigmoidal, photonegative response to light intensity. A two-octave increase in luminance (on the upward slope of the sigmoid) corresponded to a 9% increase in the speed planaria travelled to avoid light. 相似文献
578.
Hahn-Holbrook J Holt-Lunstad J Holbrook C Coyne SM Lawson ET 《Psychological science》2011,22(10):1288-1295
Mothers in numerous species exhibit heightened aggression in defense of their young. This shift typically coincides with the duration of lactation in nonhuman mammals, which suggests that human mothers may display similarly accentuated aggressiveness while breast feeding. Here we report the first behavioral evidence for heightened aggression in lactating humans. Breast-feeding mothers inflicted louder and longer punitive sound bursts on unduly aggressive confederates than did formula-feeding mothers or women who had never been pregnant. Maternal aggression in other mammals is thought to be facilitated by the buffering effect of lactation on stress responses. Consistent with the animal literature, our results showed that while lactating women were aggressing, they exhibited lower systolic blood pressure than did formula-feeding or never-pregnant women while they were aggressing. Mediation analyses indicated that reduced arousal during lactation may disinhibit female aggression. Together, our results highlight the contributions of breast feeding to both protecting infants and buffering maternal stress. 相似文献
579.
Colin Milburn 《Nanoethics》2011,5(2):223-232
In 1959, Richard Feynman suggested that the most compelling reason to pursue nanoscale research might be ‘just for fun.’ This
article traces a history of playful images and ludic practices in nanotechnology. Two case studies—nanocars and nanosoccer—exemplify
the ways in which scientific research mobilizes speculative futures, less through engineering design or stepwise protocol
than through the recreational dynamics of play. Although such molecular toys might appear frivolous, they index the increasingly
widespread conditions of play labor, or ‘playbor’, shaping today’s technoculture. Exploring the processes of transmutation
and transvaluation by which technological imaginaries are rendered operative, this article tells a story of how the nanoworld
became an everyday reality by becoming a game. 相似文献
580.