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51.
52.
Elizabeth Burns Coleman 《美学与艺术评论杂志》2001,59(4):385-402
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Auditory perceptual learning has been proposed as effective for remediating impaired language and for enhancing normal language development. We examined the effect of phonemic contrast discrimination training on the discrimination of whole words and on phonological awareness in 8- to 10-year-old mainstream school children. Eleven phonemic contrast continua were synthesised using linear interpolation coding from real speaker endpoints. Thirty children were pre-tested on the Word Discrimination Test (WDT) and the Phonological Assessment Battery (PhAB). Eighteen then trained for 12 x 30min sessions over 4 weeks using an adaptive three interval two alternative phonemic matching task. The remaining children participated in regular classroom activities. In Post-testing, trained children significantly increased their age-equivalent scores on both the WDT and PhAB by about 2 years. For the PhAB, no improvement was found in the controls. Enhanced performance in the trained children was maintained in a delayed test 5-6 weeks following training. Enhancements on the trained discriminations were weak and variable. The results indicate a dramatic improvement in phonological awareness following phonemic discrimination training without matching perceptual learning. 相似文献
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The neural correlates of naming concrete entities such as tools (with nouns) and naming actions (with verbs) are partially distinct: the former are linked to the left inferotemporal (IT) region, whereas the latter are linked to the left frontal opercular (FO) and left posterior middle temporal (MT) regions. This raises an intriguing question: How would such neural patterns be influenced by noun-verb homonymy, specifically, naming tasks in which the target words denote objects or actions (e.g., "comb")? To explore this, we conducted a PET study in which 10 normal participants named visually presented tools or actions. The factor of homonymy yielded interesting effects: For tools, non-homonymous nouns (e.g., "camera") activated left IT, whereas homonymous nouns (e.g., "comb") activated both left IT and left FO. For actions, non-homonymous (e.g., "juggle") and homonymous (e.g., "comb") verbs activated left FO, MT, and IT, but there was evidence that the FO and MT activations were less widespread for the homonymous verbs. We also found that retrieval of the same exact words (e.g., "comb" and "comb") produced differential activation in left MT-there was greater MT activation when the words were being used to name actions, than when they were being used to name tools. Our results suggest that noun-verb homonymy has an important influence on the patterns of neural activation associated with words denoting objects and actions, and that even when the phonological forms are identical, the patterns of neural activation are different according to the demands of the task. 相似文献
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Individual speechreading abilities have been linked with a range of cognitive and language-processing factors. The role of specifically visual abilities in relation to the processing of visible speech is less studied. Here we report that the detection of coherent visible motion in random-dot kinematogram displays is related to speechreading skill in deaf, but not in hearing, speechreaders. A control task requiring the detection of visual form showed no such relationship. Additionally, people born deaf were better speechreaders than hearing people on a new test of silent speechreading. 相似文献
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Noncontingent escape (NCE) was used to reduce disruptive behavior in 3 children during regularly scheduled speech therapy sessions. Results showed rapid decreases in disruptive behavior and accompanying increases in compliance across children. Findings suggest that speech therapists with little expertise in behavior analysis can effectively implement NCE. 相似文献
58.
The ability of middle-aged adults to recall their body size and events occurring up to 40 years earlier was assessed. Ninety-one
subjects recalled their relative height, weight, and fatness during childhood, early adolescence and late adolescence. Accuracy
of these memories was compared with the accuracy of current reports. The ability to accurately date benchmarks of their maturation
such as menarche and year of maximal growth in height was also examined. Accuracy of reports did not decline uniformly over
time. In general, reports of childhood physical characteristics were at least as accurate as reports of current characteristics;
that is, they did not differ significantly from current reports. Males were less accurate in their reports of relative height
and fatness during early adolescence and childhood.
This project has been funded at least in part with federal funds from the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research
Service under contract number 53-3K06-5-10. The contents of this article do not necessarily reflect the views or policies
of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, nor does mention of trade names, commercial products, or organizations imply endorsement
by the U.S. Government. 相似文献
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Phoebe M. Dufrene Victoria D. Coleman 《Journal of multicultural counseling and development》1994,22(3):145-152
This article discusses elements of the Native American Indian healing process and the significance of the arts in therapy. Until recently, most traditional healing practices were illegal in the United States. It is now imperative that counselors and educators of all ethnic backgrounds become aware of the role of the arts in Native healing. Implications for counselors and educators are highlighted. 相似文献
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