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151.
Barton JJ Cherkasova MV Lindgren KA Goff DC Manoach DS 《Journal of abnormal psychology》2005,114(1):75-84
Although perseveration is sometimes attributed to defective set switching, the authors have recently shown that set-switching is normal in schizophrenia. In this article, the authors tested for persistent states of the saccadic response system, rather than set perseveration. Schizophrenic and healthy subjects performed antisaccades and prosaccades. The authors analyzed for 3 carry-over effects. First, whereas the latency of the current saccade correlated with that of the prior saccade in both groups, the correlations under mixed-task conditions declined in healthy but not in schizophrenic subjects. Second, antisaccades in penultimate trials delayed upcoming saccades in schizophrenic but not in healthy subjects. Third, schizophrenic subjects were more likely to erroneously perseverate the direction of a prior antisaccade but not a prior prosaccade. The authors concluded that, in schizophrenia, the effects of correct antisaccades are persistent not weak. Saccades in schizophrenia are characterized by perseveration of antisaccade-induced changes in the saccadic response system rather than failures to switch task set. 相似文献
152.
Sy-Miin Chow Jason J. Bendezú Pamela M. Cole Nilam Ram 《Multivariate behavioral research》2016,51(2-3):154-184
Several approaches exist for estimating the derivatives of observed data for model exploration purposes, including functional data analysis (FDA; Ramsay &; Silverman, 2005), generalized local linear approximation (GLLA; Boker, Deboeck, Edler, &; Peel, 2010), and generalized orthogonal local derivative approximation (GOLD; Deboeck, 2010). These derivative estimation procedures can be used in a two-stage process to fit mixed effects ordinary differential equation (ODE) models. While the performance and utility of these routines for estimating linear ODEs have been established, they have not yet been evaluated in the context of nonlinear ODEs with mixed effects. We compared properties of the GLLA and GOLD to an FDA-based two-stage approach denoted herein as functional ordinary differential equation with mixed effects (FODEmixed) in a Monte Carlo (MC) study using a nonlinear coupled oscillators model with mixed effects. Simulation results showed that overall, the FODEmixed outperformed both the GLLA and GOLD across all the embedding dimensions considered, but a novel use of a fourth-order GLLA approach combined with very high embedding dimensions yielded estimation results that almost paralleled those from the FODEmixed. We discuss the strengths and limitations of each approach and demonstrate how output from each stage of FODEmixed may be used to inform empirical modeling of young children’s self-regulation. 相似文献
153.
Gentrification and other types of neighborhood revitalization strategies have been promoted as viable crime reduction strategies, but empirical assessments of this relationship produced inconsistent results. The mixed results were partly due to a narrow theoretical focus on social disorganization and routine activities, but also because of a limited conceptualization of gentrification. The current study draws on gentrification literature more broadly and incorporates insights from additional criminological theories to provide a more complete understanding of how gentrification is related to neighborhood crime. Specifically, three pathways through which gentrification influences neighborhood crime are identified. 相似文献
154.
155.
Rachel L. Zelkowitz MHS MS David A. Cole PhD Gloria T. Han MA Andrew J. Tomarken PhD 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2016,46(5):545-562
This study assessed the incremental utility of emotion reactivity and emotion regulation in relation to nonsuicidal self‐injury (NSSI). Participants included 379 college students aged 18–22 who completed self‐report measures of emotion regulation, emotion reactivity, and NSSI. Emotion regulation was significantly related to NSSI both ignoring and controlling for reactivity, but the reverse was not true. Participants' use of NSSI for affect regulation appeared to moderate this relation. Findings support emotion regulation deficits as a target for intervention over and above heightened emotion reactivity, especially in those who use NSSI to regulate negative affect. 相似文献
156.
Raymond P. Tucker MS LaRicka R. Wingate PhD Victoria M. O'Keefe MS David W. Hollingsworth MS Ashley B. Cole MS 《Suicide & life-threatening behavior》2016,46(2):213-222
No research has empirically investigated whether frequency of historical loss thinking is a potential risk factor for suicide ideation in American Indians. Results of this study demonstrated that the frequency of historical loss thinking was positively associated with brooding and reflection at a small magnitude, but was not directly related to suicide ideation. Bootstrapping analyses indicated small indirect effects of historical loss thinking frequency on suicide ideation through brooding and reflection individually, but only through brooding when analyzed in a parallel mediation model. These findings suggest that American Indians who more frequently engage in historical loss thinking may be susceptible to suicide ideation via an increase in ruminative tendencies, specifically brooding. 相似文献
157.
158.
R. Dawn Finzi Tirta Susilo Jason J. S. Barton Bradley C. Duchaine 《Visual cognition》2016,24(4):304-320
Faces are processed more holistically than other objects, and it has been suggested that the loss of holistic face processing causes acquired prosopagnosia. Support for this hypothesis comes from several cases who failed to show holistic face effects as well as the absence of reports of prosopagnosics with unequivocally normal holistic face perception. The current study examines the relationship between holistic face processing and prosopagnosia by testing seven acquired prosopagnosics with the face composite task, a classic measure of holistic face processing. To enhance the robustness of the findings, each prosopagnosic was tested with two versions of the composite task showing upright faces. We also tested an inverted condition to exclude the possibility that more general factors account for composite effects for upright faces. Four of the seven acquired prosopagnosic participants showed consistent upright face composite effects with minimal inverted face composite effects. We conclude that severe face processing deficits can co-occur with intact holistic face processing and that factors other than a loss of holistic processing contribute to the perceptual and recognition deficits in acquired prosopagnosia. 相似文献
159.
Previous research suggests that attitudinal inoculation can confer resistance to violent extremist propaganda. The present study aimed to strengthen and extend this rather scant evidence base. First, we conceptually replicated Braddock (2022) and investigated whether attitudinal inoculation reduces intentions to support a violent extremist group (VEG) by eliciting higher levels of anger and counter-arguing. Advancing the literature, we examined as well if the effect of attitudinal inoculation on violent extremist behavioural intentions lasted for up to 1 week and if message-relevant emotionally evocative visuals enhanced the influence of inoculation stimuli. We conducted a multi-phase longitudinal online experiment with two waves (Nwave1 = 498; Nwave2 = 399). Participants read the inoculation treatment (or control message) and were then exposed to the propaganda of a fictional VEG. Outcomes were measured immediately and again after 1 week. Partially supporting Braddock (2022), inoculated participants who were less strongly ideologically aligned with the VEG reported (compared to the control condition) lower violent extremist behavioural intentions. Inoculation had no impact on the behavioural tendencies of individuals who were strongly ideologically aligned with the VEG. Crucially, contesting Braddock (2022), inoculated participants felt less (not more) anger towards the violent extremist group. After 1 week, no direct effect of attitudinal inoculation on violent extremist behavioural intentions but an indirect effect mediated by counter-arguing was confirmed. The modality of the inoculation stimulus did not moderate its influence. In summary, attitudinal inoculation conferred resistance to violent extremist propaganda for a short period and for individuals who are perhaps less at risk of being persuaded by VEGs. Further research is needed to replicate the exploratory findings and to investigate the role of anger as well as means to boost the long-term influence of attitudinal inoculation treatments. Please refer to the Supplementary Material section to find this article's Community and Social Impact Statement. 相似文献
160.
Steven R. H. Beach Allen W. Barton Man Kit Lei Gene H. Brody Steven M. Kogan Tera R. Hurt Frank D. Fincham Scott M. Stanley 《Family process》2014,53(4):580-595
African American couples (n = 331) with children, 89% of whom were married, were assigned to either (a) a culturally sensitive couple‐ and parenting‐enhancement program (ProSAAF) or (b) an information‐only control condition in which couples received self‐help materials. Husbands averaged 41 years of age and wives averaged 39 years. We found significant effects of program participation in the short term on couple communication, which was targeted by the intervention, as well as over the long term, on self‐reported arguing in front of children. Long‐term parenting outcomes were fully mediated by changes in communication for wives, but not for husbands. For husbands, positive change depended on amount of wife reported change. We conclude that wives' changes in communication from baseline to posttest may be more pivotal for the couples' long‐term experience of decreased arguing in front of children than are husbands' changes, with wives' changes leading to changes in both partners' reports of arguments in front of children. 相似文献