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81.
Jeremy B. Bernerth Hubert S. Feild William F. Giles Michael S. Cole 《Journal of business and psychology》2006,20(4):545-563
The present study investigated the role of applicant personality in relation to applicant procedural and distributive justice perceptions after being informed of an organization’s reject/accept selection decision. A sample of 503 students completed a selection test, believing the results would be used to make initial selection decisions for an organization recruiting from the university. Participants were presented with selection decisions (randomly assigned) two weeks later, and procedural and distributive justice perceptions were assessed. Hierarchical regression analyses indicated that agreeableness, openness to experience, and test-taking self-efficacy were positively related with perceptions of procedural and distributive justice. Neuroticism was negatively associated with distributive justice perceptions. The relationships of test-taking self-efficacy with procedural and distributive justice were moderated by the organization’s selection decision. 相似文献
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84.
We examined whether the onset of a new object defined by illusory contours is detected with greater frequency than offset
when neither is associated with a unique sensory transient. Observers performed a “one-shot” change detection task in which
offsetting or onsetting elements of high luminance contrast circles generated the appearance or disappearance of a Kanizsa
figure. Presenting “illusory figures” via this “flicker” method ensures that (1) any unique luminance transients associated
with the two types of change are eliminated, and (2) the objects themselves can only be represented at a relatively high level.
Results showed that offsets were detected more frequently than onsets only when they generated the onset of a Kanizsa figure.
We argue that object appearance dominates object disappearance via mechanisms that operate at the level at which objects are
constructed. 相似文献
85.
Opioid receptors mediate direct predictive fear learning: evidence from one-trial blocking
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Pavlovian fear learning depends on predictive error, so that fear learning occurs when the actual outcome of a conditioning trial exceeds the expected outcome. Previous research has shown that opioid receptors, including μ-opioid receptors in the ventrolateral quadrant of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (vlPAG), mediate such predictive fear learning. Four experiments reported here used a within-subject one-trial blocking design to study whether opioid receptors mediate a direct or indirect action of predictive error on Pavlovian association formation. In Stage I, rats were trained to fear conditioned stimulus (CS) A by pairing it with shock. In Stage II, CSA and CSB were co-presented once and co-terminated with shock. Two novel stimuli, CSC and CSD, were also co-presented once and co-terminated with shock in Stage II. The results showed one-trial blocking of fear learning (Experiment 1) as well as one-trial unblocking of fear learning when Stage II training employed a higher intensity footshock than was used in Stage I (Experiment 2). Systemic administrations of the opioid receptor antagonist naloxone (Experiment 3) or intra-vlPAG administrations of the selective μ-opioid receptor antagonist CTAP (Experiment 4) prior to Stage II training prevented one-trial blocking. These results show that opioid receptors mediate the direct actions of predictive error on Pavlovian association formation. 相似文献
86.
We review a growing body of literature that evidences the reciprocal relationship between body and mind, known as embodied cognition. We argue that an embodied mind may serve a functional purpose, aiding in self-regulatory processes. Specifically, we suggest that embodied cognition assists in self-regulation by increasing signal strength, encouraging appropriate goal-relevant action, and incorporating situational constraints to cue appropriate information processing styles. Furthermore, we propose that affect serves as the link between an embodied mind and self-regulatory action. Finally, we situate this research in debates on theories of mind, and we advocate for a highly interactive system that integrates information across modalities. 相似文献
87.
Michael S. Cole Hubert S. Feild William F. Giles Stanley G. Harris 《Journal of business and psychology》2009,24(1):5-18
Research shows recruiters infer dispositional characteristics from job applicants’ resumes and use these inferences in evaluating
applicants’ employability. However, the reliability and validity of these inferences have not been empirically tested. Using
data collected from 244 recruiters, we found low levels of estimated interrater reliability when they reviewed entry-level
applicants’ resumes and made inferences regarding applicants’ personality traits. Moreover, when recruiters’ inferences of
applicant personality were correlated with applicants’ actual Big Five personality scores, results indicated that recruiters’
inferences lacked validity, with the possible exceptions of extraversion and openness to experience. Finally, despite being
largely unreliable and invalid, recruiters’ inferences of applicants’ extraversion, openness to experience, and conscientiousness
predicted the recruiters’ subsequent employability assessments of the applicants. 相似文献
88.
Jonathan Cole 《Phenomenology and the Cognitive Sciences》2009,8(3):343-360
This paper considers the importance of the body for self-esteem, communication, and emotional expression and experience, through the reflections of those who live with various neurological impairments of movement and sensation; sensory deafferentation, spinal cord injury and Möbius Syndrome (the congenital absence of facial expression). People with severe sensory loss, who require conscious attention and visual feedback for movement, describe the imperative to use the same strategies to reacquire gesture, to appear normal and have embodied expression. Those paralysed after spinal cord injury struggle to have others see them as people rather than as people in wheelchairs and have been active in the disability movement, distinguishing between their medical impairment and the social induced disability others project onto them. Lastly those with Möbius reveal the importance of the face for emotional expression and communication and indeed for emotional experience itself. All these examples explore the crucial role of the body as agent for social and personal expression and self-esteem. 相似文献
89.
D D Adame T C Johnson S Nowicki S P Cole H Matthiasson 《Perceptual and motor skills》2001,93(2):559-566
The study examined the relations of self-reported physical activity levels and physical fitness scores for two samples of college students assessed in 1987 (n = 261) and in 1997 (n = 243). Significantly greater exercise was reported by the 1997 women than the 1987 women; amount of exercise reported by men did not differ. For both samples, greater exercise was associated with increased fitness for women and men as assessed by the Hall 1986 Physical Fitness Test Profile, comprised of measures on body fat composition; grip strength; muscle endurance, flexibility, resting heart rate; systolic and diastolic blood pressures; and aerobic power. For the 1987 sample men were more fit than women. For the 1997 sample, women were more fit than men. The 1997 women were more fit than the 1987 women; there was no difference on overall fitness measures of the two samples of men. 相似文献
90.