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271.
Fiona Alexander Christine Allen Jonathan Brooks Claire Cole Anne Campbell 《Sex roles》2004,51(11-12):647-659
Men tend to view their own aggression as an instrumental act aimed at imposing control, whereas women tend to view theirs as an expressive act resulting from a loss of self-control. These interpretations have been called social representations based on their presumed social origins and mode of transmission. However, if women’s self-control is generally higher than men’s, they would be expected to behave aggressively only infrequently and at higher levels of provocation. Aggression would be experienced phenomenologically as a loss of self-control. In Study 1, a student sample, men scored higher than women on instrumental beliefs, impulsivity, and risk seeking. As predicted, instrumental beliefs were associated with higher impulsive risk seeking and an expressive representation was positively associated with temper. In Study 2, an offender sample, there were no gender differences in instrumental beliefs, physical aggression, temper, carelessness, and present orientation. Instrumental beliefs were again associated with impulsive risk seeking and, to a lesser extent, temper. Expressive beliefs were again associated with temper and, to a lesser extent, present orientation. Physical aggression was associated with holding instrumental beliefs, impulsive risk seeking, and temper. The model is broadly supported and directions for future work are suggested. 相似文献
272.
Michael S. Cole Hubert S. Feild William F. Giles Stanley G. Harris 《International Journal of Selection & Assessment》2004,12(4):363-367
Using data collected from 244 recruiters who reviewed resumes and made dispositional inferences and hiring recommendations for 122 entry‐level job applicants, we found that type of job opening (Holland's Conventional vs. Enterprising jobs) moderated relationships between recruiter inferences of applicant personality traits and recruiter judgments of applicant employability. Results showed Conscientiousness correlated with employability ratings for Conventional jobs (e.g., accounting) while extraversion was most associated with employability ratings for Enterprising jobs (e.g., marketing). 相似文献
273.
How and when positive and negative moods affect attitudes, risk perceptions, and choice is a problem that interests both consumer researchers and practitioners. We propose that the extent of constructive processing moderates mood effects with stronger effects when constructive processing is higher. In addition, we propose that when consumers have unrestricted versus constrained processing resources, moods are more likely to operate through affect priming and less likely to operate through the affect‐as‐information process. The results from 3 experiments support these hypotheses. We discuss implications of the findings for models of how affect influences judgments and directions for future research. 相似文献
274.
Liberal theories of social justicefocus predominantly on the national, ratherthan international, level, and where they doaddress
international concerns they insist thatprinciples of justice at the national levelhave priority over principles at theinternational
level. We question the coherenceof this arrangement, given liberal theory'scommitment to moral equality of persons as suchrather
than to that of particular sets of persons. What isat issue is whether liberal theory can providea coherent basis for international
justice atall. If it is to do so, we suggest that it mustbe prepared to theorise beyond the nationstate, and to take a historical
perspectivewhich takes into account the ways in whichcolonial power and exploitation have given riseto the problems of international
justice weface today.
This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献
275.
Studies in Philosophy and Education - Using Deleuzian theory for educational research and practice has become an increasingly popular activity (e.g., Cole 2011). However, there are many theoretical... 相似文献
276.
Psychonomic Bulletin & Review - Many languages assign nouns to a grammatical gender class, such that “bed” might be assigned masculine gender in one language (e.g., Italian) but... 相似文献
277.
278.
Research shows that people display a downward shift in their predictions in anticipation of performance and feedback. The authors used a misattribution paradigm to explore whether anxiety serves as a signal for predictions. Participants (N = 108) anticipating results from an important test either immediately or in a few days were or were not encouraged to attribute any arousal they experienced to coffee they consumed earlier. Consistent with predictions, participants encouraged to attribute their arousal to the coffee were optimistic in their predictions even when anticipating immediate test feedback. In addition, the more participants attributed their arousal to the coffee, the more optimistic they were in their predictions. Ancillary analyses suggest that anxiety can be a cause rather than a consequence of less optimistic predictions. 相似文献
279.
Horn's 1989 fluid intelligence and Luria's 1966 simultaneous processing have been represented in various cognitive assessment batteries. Although related, these concepts are purported to measure distinct cognitive functions; fluid intelligence refers to deductive reasoning whereas simultaneous processing refers to understanding complex relationships among gestalts. The current study explored the factor structure of known fluid and simultaneous tests along with visually complex new tests. A total of 56 children in Grades 1 through 5 were administered tests from the Kaufman Assessment Battery for Children, Elliott's Differential Abilities Scales, and two experimental tasks. Findings suggest that (1) the two experimental subtests were psychometrically viable, (2) when analyzed as a two-factor structure, fluid and visual processing components were pronounced, and (3) when analyzed as a single-factor structure, simultaneous processing emerged. These findings indicate simultaneous processing may be a blend of fluid and visual components. 相似文献
280.
Cole J 《Journal of motor behavior》2004,36(3):243-244
The role of sensory return in movement has recently been considered in relation to models involving feedforward control and in the comparison of predicted and actual states. The author suggests that sensory feedback may also have other effects at the level of movement initiation. The experiences of 3 individuals with differing impairments are reported, 1 with acute withdrawal of movement and position sense, 1 with acute meningitis, and the 3rd after prolonged immobilization following a heel injury. All were surprised to find difficulty in turning an intention to move into action in the affected body areas. One suggested that he had "forgotten what to do," even though the original injury had healed. The path from intention to movement may be dependent on feedback from the peripheral sensory apparatus at levels below attention, at least until voluntary action is required. 相似文献