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61.
Boker SM Cohn JF Theobald BJ Matthews I Mangini M Spies JR Ambadar Z Brick TR 《Journal of experimental psychology. Human perception and performance》2011,37(3):874-891
During conversation, women tend to nod their heads more frequently and more vigorously than men. An individual speaking with a woman tends to nod his or her head more than when speaking with a man. Is this due to social expectation or due to coupled motion dynamics between the speakers? We present a novel methodology that allows us to randomly assign apparent identity during free conversation in a video-conference, thereby dissociating apparent sex from motion dynamics. The method uses motion-tracked synthesized avatars that are accepted by naive participants as being live video. We find that 1) motion dynamics affect head movements but that apparent sex does not; 2) judgments of sex are driven almost entirely by appearance; and 3) ratings of masculinity and femininity rely on a combination of both appearance and dynamics. Together, these findings are consistent with the hypothesis of separate perceptual streams for appearance and biological motion. In addition, our results are consistent with a view that head movements in conversation form a low level perception and action system that can operate independently from top-down social expectations. 相似文献
62.
Feng X Forbes EE Kovacs M George CJ Lopez-Duran NL Fox NA Cohn JF 《Journal of abnormal child psychology》2012,40(2):265-276
This study examined the relations of school-age children’s depressive symptoms, frontal EEG asymmetry, and maternal history
of childhood-onset depression (COD). Participants were 73 children, 43 of whom had mothers with COD. Children’s EEG was recorded
at baseline and while watching happy and sad film clips. Depressive symptoms were measured using parent-report of Children’s
Depression Inventory. The key findings are the interaction effects between baseline and film frontal EEG asymmetry on child
depressive symptoms. Specifically, relative right frontal EEG asymmetry while watching happy or sad film clip was associated
with elevated depressive symptoms for children who also exhibited right frontal EEG asymmetry at baseline. Results suggest
that right frontal EEG asymmetry that is consistent across situations may be an marker of depression-prone children. 相似文献
63.
64.
Just as syntax differentiates coherent sentences from scrambled word strings, the comprehension of sequential images must also use a cognitive system to distinguish coherent narrative sequences from random strings of images. We conducted experiments analogous to two classic studies of language processing to examine the contributions of narrative structure and semantic relatedness to processing sequential images. We compared four types of comic strips: (1) Normal sequences with both structure and meaning, (2) Semantic Only sequences (in which the panels were related to a common semantic theme, but had no narrative structure), (3) Structural Only sequences (narrative structure but no semantic relatedness), and (4) Scrambled sequences of randomly-ordered panels. In Experiment 1, participants monitored for target panels in sequences presented panel-by-panel. Reaction times were slowest to panels in Scrambled sequences, intermediate in both Structural Only and Semantic Only sequences, and fastest in Normal sequences. This suggests that both semantic relatedness and narrative structure offer advantages to processing. Experiment 2 measured ERPs to all panels across the whole sequence. The N300/N400 was largest to panels in both the Scrambled and Structural Only sequences, intermediate in Semantic Only sequences and smallest in the Normal sequences. This implies that a combination of narrative structure and semantic relatedness can facilitate semantic processing of upcoming panels (as reflected by the N300/N400). Also, panels in the Scrambled sequences evoked a larger left-lateralized anterior negativity than panels in the Structural Only sequences. This localized effect was distinct from the N300/N400, and appeared despite the fact that these two sequence types were matched on local semantic relatedness between individual panels. These findings suggest that sequential image comprehension uses a narrative structure that may be independent of semantic relatedness. Altogether, we argue that the comprehension of visual narrative is guided by an interaction between structure and meaning. 相似文献
65.
Cohn JM Ginsburg KR Kassam-Adams N Fein JA 《The American journal of bioethics : AJOB》2005,5(5):70-4; discussion W14
Much attention has been given to determining whether an adolescent patient has the capacity to consent to research. This study explores the factors that influence adolescents' decisions to participate in a research study about youth violence and to determine positive or negative feelings elicited by being a research subject. The majority of subjects perceived their decision to participate to be free of coercion, and few felt badly about having participated. However, adolescents who were alone in the room during the assent process were more likely to report that they chose freely to be a research subject. This study may influence the ways physicians communicate with adolescent patients around research assent within a clinical care environment. 相似文献
66.
67.
L S Cohn 《Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association》1989,37(1):131-145
This paper seeks to heighten awareness of pseudostupidity and the potential analyzability of patients who manifest it by defining and explicating it, reviewing the literature, and presenting in detail the psychoanalytic treatment of a pseudostupid patient. Pseudostupidity is caused by an inhibition of the integration and synthesis of thoughts resulting in a discrepancy between intellectual capacity and apparent intellect. The patient's pseudostupidity was determined in part by his need to prevent his being more successful than father, i.e., defeating his oedipal rival. Knowing and learning were instinctualized. The patient libidinally and defensively identified with father's passive, masochistic position. He needed to frustrate the analyst as he had felt excited and frustrated by his parents' nudity and thwarted by his inhibitions. He wanted to cause the analyst to feel as helpless as he, the patient, felt. Countertransference frustration was relevant and clinically useful in the analysis. Interpretation of evolving relevant issues led to more anxiety and guilt, less pseudostupidity, a heightened alliance, and eventual working through. Negative therapeutic reactions followed the resolution of pseudostupidity. 相似文献
68.
Body-figure preferences in male and female adolescents 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
L D Cohn N E Adler C E Irwin S G Millstein S M Kegeles G Stone 《Journal of abnormal psychology》1987,96(3):276-279
69.
This note identifies errors in a review of research on heat and aggression by Anderson and Anderson (1998), and it reaffirms a previously stated conclusion: Violence in a midwestern city, in 1987 and 1988, can be explained more parsimoniously and completely in terms of routine activity theory than by Anderson and Anderson's general affective model of aggression. 相似文献
70.
Kim M. Mooney Ellen S. Cohn Margaret B. Swift 《Journal of applied social psychology》1992,22(18):1442-1452
The purpose of the study was to assess attitudes toward AIDS as measured by physical distance. Fifty-two female students were told that they would be interviewing an AIDS patient, a homosexual, a cancer patient, or another student. While waiting, they arranged the two chairs for the interview. The distance between chairs was measured. Subjects placed the chairs significantly farther apart when they anticipated interviewing an AIDS patient than when they anticipated interviewing people under the other conditions. The results suggest that people are still uncomfortable with AIDS patients even under casual circumstances that require minimal physical contact. Implications for social interactions are discussed. 相似文献